Impendulo eqondile: Izingcaphuno ezimbili ezine-kWh efanayo zingachaza amasistimu ahlukene ngoba i-kWh ikala umthamo wamandla, hhayi umsebenzi ophelele wephrojekthi noma ububanzi bokuhlinzeka. Yenza amandla aqhubekayo, amandla asebenzisekayo, ubude besikhathi, iwindi elisebenzayo, isisekelo sokuwohloka, i-PCS, i-EMS, okokusebenza kukagesi, ukupholisa, izinhlinzeko zokuvikela umlilo, ukuhlola, ukugunyazwa, iwaranti, ukuhlelwa kwezinto, kanye nokungafakwa ngaphambi kokuqhathanisa nesamba sezindleko zesistimu yokugcina amandla.
Lokhu kuqhathanisa kuhloselwe abanikazi bezindawo zezimboni, abaqhubi bezakhiwo zezentengiselwano, abathuthukisi bamandla, izinkontileka zikagesi, izihlanganisi ze-microgrid, abasabalalisi, ama-opharetha ashajayo, kanye nabathengi be-OEM ababuyekeza amabhidi okugcina amabhethri e-C&I. Ingozi yabo eyinhloko ayikona nje ukukhokha kakhulu. Igunyaza inani eliphansi lesihloko sesihloko sesiphakamiso esingakwazi ukuletha amandla adingekayo, esingafaki umsebenzi obalulekile wokuhlanganisa, sisebenzisa isisekelo samandla asebenzisekayo esihlukile, noma imithwalo yemfanelo yokudlulisela ukuthunyelwa kanye nomjikelezo wokuphila kumthengi.
I-Dingsheng ihlinzeka ngemishini kagesi kanye nentsha yamandla okusebenza kwephrojekthi. Abathengi bangabuyekeza kuqala isigaba somkhiqizo wokugcina amandla, bese usebenzisa indlela yokujwayela engezansi ukuze unqume ukuthi ukucushwa ngakunye okucashuniwe kuhlanganisa umngcele ofanayo wobuchwepheshe nowezohwebo.
Ingabe Isilinganiso Se-kWh Esifanayo Sifakazelani Ngempela?
Inani le-kWh elishiwo liqinisekisa ingxenye eyodwa kuphela yesiphakamiso sebhethri. Ayiboni ngokwayo ukuthi ingabe inani liyigama noma liyasebenziseka, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi likalwa ohlangothini lwe-DC noma lwe-AC, ukuthi mangakanani amandla angalethwa, ukuthi lawo mandla angagcinwa isikhathi eside kangakanani, noma imuphi umthamo osele ngaphansi kwezimo zewaranti ecashuniwe.
| Into Yesihloko | Lokho Engase Kuqinisekise | Lokho Engakuqinisekisi | Ingcuphe Yezindleko Zomthengi |
| Umthamo webhethri ku-kWh | Inani elishiwo lomthamo wamandla wokucushwa kwebhethri okuhlongozwayo | Iwindi lesimo sokushajwa elisebenzisekayo, amandla alethwe nge-AC, ukugodla, ukulahlekelwa, noma amandla okuphela kwempilo | Ikhwothi enenani eliphansi ingase inikeze amandla amancane asebenzisekayo kunesinye isicaphuni esinamandla afanayo esihloko. |
| Amandla esistimu ku-kW | Ukushaja okushiwo noma izinga lamandla okukhipha | Isilinganiso esiqhubekayo siqhathaniswa nenani eliphakeme, ubude besikhathi, ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa, noma isidingo sokusiza ngasikhathi sinye | Isistimu ehlongozwayo ingase ingahlangabezani nomsebenzi wangempela wokushefa okuphezulu noma ukwenza isipele. |
| Ubude besikhathi | Ubudlelwano phakathi kwamandla ashiwo namandla ashiwo | Ukuthi ubude besikhathi busekelwe emandleni okuzisholo, amandla asebenzisekayo, ukuqala kwempilo, noma esinye isimo | Izipesheli ezimbili "zamahora amabili" zingase zibe nemiphumela yokuhlola yokwamukela ehlukile. |
| Inani nge-kWh | Ukuhlukaniswa okulula kwentengo ngenani elikhethiwe lomthamo | I-PCS, i-EMS, i-transformer, i-switchgear, ukupholisa, ububanzi bomlilo, impahla, ukufakwa, ukuhlola, noma isevisi | Intengo yeyunithi eshibhe kakhulu ingaba izindleko zephrojekthi ezifakiwe nezigunyaziwe. |
Ngakho-ke ithimba elinolwazi lokuthenga libuza umbuzo oyisisekelo ngaphambi kokuxoxa ngenani: Iliphi inani eliqondile le-kWh elisetshenziswa njengedinominetha? Uma umphakeli oyedwa ehlukanisa ngamandla okuzisholo e-DC futhi omunye ahlukanise ngamandla asebenzisekayo e-AC, izibalo zabo zentengo nge-kWh aziqhathaniseka.
Yimiphi Imingcele Emithathu Okufanele Ijwayele Ngaphambi Kokuqhathaniswa Izintengo?
Ukubuyekezwa okusebenzayo kwebhidi kuhlukanisa isiphakamiso sibe yimingcele emithathu: umsebenzi wokusebenza, ububanzi bemishini, kanye nesibopho sokulethwa. Umngcele ngamunye kufanele uqondaniswe ngaphambi kokuba izinga lezentengiso libe nenjongo.
1. I-Operating Duty Boundary
Umngcele womsebenzi wokusebenza uchaza lokho okufanele kwenziwe yisistimu. Kufanele isho inkokhiso edingekayo namandla okukhipha, ubude besikhathi, iphethini yomjikelezo wansuku zonke noma wonyaka, iwindi lokusebenza okuqondiwe, indawo ebekiwe, ibanga lokushisa elilindelekile, nokuthi ingabe isistimu isekela ukushefa okuphezulu, ukushintsha kwesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, ukusetshenziswa kwe-PV, ukusekela komthwalo obalulekile, noma enye inhloso egunyaziwe.
Iphutha elivamile lomthengi wukucela “uhlelo lwe-200 kWh” ngaphandle kokucacisa isilinganiso samandla noma umjikelezo womsebenzi. Umhlinzeki oyedwa angase athathe amandla aphansi, uhlelo lokusebenza lwesikhathi eside, kanti omunye angase acaphune ukumiswa kwamandla aphezulu nge-PCS ehlukene kanye nezidingo ezishisayo. Bobabili bangasebenzisa incazelo efanayo ye-kWh ngenkathi bexazulula izinkinga ezihlukene.
2. Umngcele Wobubanzi Bezinsimbi
Umngcele wezinto zokusebenza uchaza ukuthi yini efakiwe ngokomzimba nangokwedijithali. Kungase kuhlanganise amamojula ebhethri, ama-racks, ukuvikelwa kwe-DC, i-PCS, i-EMS, ukulinganisa, ukuxhumana, i-transformer, i-switchgear, amandla asizayo, indawo evalekile, ukupholisa, ukutholwa, izinhlinzeko zomlilo ezidingekayo, izintambo, izixhumi, ukuqapha, kanye nemibhalo.
Okuhlangenwe nakho kwemboni kubonisa ukuthi incazelo yemishini yomugqa owodwa ivamise ukufihla umehluko omkhulu kunawo wonke wezingcaphuno. Umthengi kufanele adinge i-matrix yeleveli yengxenye esikhundleni sokucabanga ukuthi i-“BESS” ihlanganisa yonke idivayisi phakathi kwamaseli ebhethri nendawo yokuxhumana.
3. Umngcele Wokulethwa Nokwemukelwa
Umkhawulo wokulethwa uchaza ukuthi ubani onesibopho sobunjiniyela, imidwebo, ukuhlolwa kwasefekthri, ukupakisha ukuthekelisa, ukuthwala impahla, ukuthulula, ukufakwa, izintambo zesayithi, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinsiza, ukugunyazwa, ukwamukelwa kwesayithi, ukuqeqeshwa, ukufinyelela kwesofthiwe, izingxenye ezisele, isevisi yewaranti, nomsebenzi wokulungisa.
Lo mngcele uvamise ukudala izindleko ezifihliwe ngemva kokufakwa kwe-oda. Ikhotheshini ingase ibukeke iphelele kuze kube yilapho umthengi ethola ukuthi izifundo zokuvikela, ukusetshenziswa kwesayithi, ukuhamba, ukuxhumana okukude, ukugunyazwa kwendawo, noma ukuhlolwa kokusebenza akufakiwe.
Kufanele Kuqhathaniswe Kanjani Isilinganiso Samandla Nobude Besikhathi?
Isilinganiso samandla singesinye sezishayeli eziqine kakhulu zezindleko ze-BESS, nanoma umthamo wamandla ungashintshile. Imfuneko ephakeme yamandla eqhubekayo ingashintsha usayizi we-PCS, amazinga amanje, izimfuneko zekhondatha nokuvikela, ukukhiqiza ukushisa, umthwalo wokupholisa, nesixhumi esibonakalayo sikagesi.
Abathengi kufanele bacele ulwazi olulandelayo kuthebula elilodwa:
- Amandla okushaja aqhubekayo namandla okukhipha aqhubekayo
- Noma yisiphi isilinganiso sesikhathi esifushane noma esiphezulu samandla kanye nobude baso obuvunyelwe
- Isilinganiso samandla kuzinga lokushisa lesayithi elishiwo nokuphakama
- Amandla asebenzisekayo atholakala ezingeni lamandla adingekayo
- Ubude be-AC-side endaweni edingekayo yokulinganisa
- Imikhawulo yokushaja ebekwe uxhumo lwesayithi noma amanani
- Amandla asebenzayo noma ezinye izidingo zokusebenza, uma ziyingxenye yobubanzi bephrojekthi
- Amandla agcinwe ngaphansi kwewaranti ecashuniwe noma isisekelo sokuphela kwempilo
Enye ingozi yokuthengwa kwempahla ukuqhathanisa isilinganiso samandla aphezulu nesicaphuno samandla aphansi ngoba zombili ziphethe umthamo webhethri ofanayo. Ukunikezwa kwamandla aphansi kungase kwamukeleke ekushintsheni amandla kancane kodwa kungafaneleki ukuphakama kwemboni ebukhali. Ngokuphambene, ukuthenga amandla angadingekile kukhulisa i-PCS kanye nezindleko zokuhlanganisa ngaphandle kokukhulisa ngokuzenzakalelayo inani lezomnotho lephrojekthi.
Kungani Kufanele Kuhlukaniswe Amandla Okuzisholo, Amandla Asebenzisekayo, Namandla Alethiweyo?
Amandla ebhethri okuzisholo, amandla ebhethri asebenzisekayo, namandla alethwa ekulayisheni kuhlobene kodwa akufani. Umehluko ungabandakanya iwindi lesimo sokukhokhiswa elivunyelwe, ukulahlekelwa kokuguqulwa, ukusetshenziswa okuyisizayo, indawo yokugcina yokusebenza, imiphumela yezinga lokushisa, kanye nesisekelo somthamo esisetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kwesiqinisekiso.
| Incazelo Amandla | Umbuzo Umthengi Okufanele Akubuze | Kungani Ishintsha Inani le-Quote |
| Amandla e-DC okuzisholo | Ingabe leli inani lamandla e-nameplate yawo wonke amamojula ebhethri afakiwe? | Ingase ihlanganise amandla angaphandle kwewindi lokusebenza elivunyelwe. |
| Amandla e-DC asebenzisekayo | Yimiphi imikhawulo yezindleko zezwe, indawo yokugcina, nezimo zokushisa ezichaza leli nani? | Amawindi wokusebenza ahlukene angakhiqiza amandla ahlukene asebenzisekayo kusuka kumthamo ofanayo wokuzisholo. |
| Amandla e-AC asebenzisekayo | Amandla alinganiswa kuphi, futhi iyiphi i-PCS nokulahlekelwa okuyisizayo okufakiwe? | Leli nani liseduze namandla atholakala kusixhumi esibonakalayo sephrojekthi. |
| Ikhono lokuqala lokuphila | Yimaphi amandla namandla aqinisekisiwe lapho kunikezwa umsebenzi? | Isiphakamiso singahlangabezana nokuhlolwa kokuqala kodwa sisebenzise isisekelo somjikelezo wempilo ohlukile kumabhidi aqhudelanayo. |
| Amandla okuphela kwewaranti | Yimaphi amandla agciniwe, okuphumayo, umjikelezo, izinga lokushisa, nezimo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo? | Inani le-Lifecycle lincike emandleni agcinwe ngaphansi kwephrofayili yangempela yomsebenzi. |
Ukuqhathanisa okuwusizo komphakeli kusho kokubili amandla afakiwe afakiwe kanye namandla aqinisekisiwe asebenzisekayo endaweni yokulinganisa okuvunyelwene ngayo. Iphinde ihlonze ukuthi ingabe isibalo semojuli ehlongozwayo sihlanganisa umkhawulo wedizayini, indawo yokugcina yokusebenza, noma umthamo owengeziwe ohloselwe ukugcina ukusebenza okudingekile kamuva esikhathini sewaranti.
I-PCS, i-EMS, i-Transformer, ne-Switchgear Ziyishintsha Kanjani I-Quote?
Ibhethri liyingxenye eyodwa kuphela yephrojekthi esebenzayo yokugcina amandla ye-C&I. Isistimu yokuguqula amandla ilawula ukushintshana kwamandla e-AC/DC. I-EMS isebenzisa isu lokuthunyelwa. Ukulinganisa nokuxhumana kunikeza izimpawu ezidingekayo zokulawula nokuqinisekisa. Ama-Transformer nama-switchgear kungase kudingeke ukuze kuxhunywe isistimu ngokuphephile kunethiwekhi yendawo.
| Isici Sesistimu | Ububanzi bokuqinisekisa | Umehluko Ojwayelekile Wokucaphuna |
| PCS | Isilinganiso esiqhubekayo, i-voltage yokusebenza, umngcele wokuguqulwa, ukuncishiswa kwemvelo, izindlela zokulawula, nokuvikela okufakiwe | Ibhidi eyodwa ihlanganisa ama-PC adingekayo; omunye ucaphuna amabhethri futhi aphathe imishini yokuguqula njengenketho. |
| EMS | Ukuthumela imisebenzi, izivumelwano zokuxhumana, okokufaka kwemitha, ukufinyelela ukude, ama-alamu, ukugcinwa kwedatha, nezibopho zesofthiwe | Ibhidi eyodwa ihlanganisa i-logic yokulawula iphrojekthi; enye ihlanganisa kuphela ukuphathwa kwebhethri lendawo. |
| I-Transformer | Ukuguqulwa kwamandla kagesi, ukulinganisa, ukulahlekelwa, indawo evalekile, isixhumi esibonakalayo sokuvikela, nomngcele wokuhlinzeka | I-voltage yokuxhuma idinga i-transformer engekho ku-quote ephansi. |
| I-switchgear | Ukuhlukaniswa, ukuvikelwa, ukulinganisa iphutha, ukulinganisa, ukuxhuma, ukunqanyulwa kwekhebula, nokokufaka kokuxhumana | Isiphakamiso esisodwa sifinyelela endaweni yokuxhumanisa indawo; enye ima ematheminali emishini. |
| Ukunikezwa kokusiza | Ukupholisa, izilawuli, ukukhanya, ukushisisa, amaphampu noma izifeni, isidingo sokulinda, kanye nomthombo wamandla asizayo | Ukusetshenziswa okusizayo kunciphisa amandla aphelele alethiwe futhi kungase kudinge okokusebenza kwesayithi okwengeziwe. |
Izindleko zobuchwepheshe ezifihliwe zivela lapho ibhethri, i-PCS, i-EMS, ne-switchgear yesayithi kuthengwa ngaphansi kokuqagela okuhlukile. Amandla kagesi, ezokuxhumana, ukuvikela, ukulinganisa, kanye nezibopho zokulawula kungenzeka zingahambelani. Izintengo zemishini ephansi kakhulu azinxeshezeli ukuklanywa kabusha kwesixhumi esibonakalayo sekwephuzile, ubunjiniyela obengeziwe, noma ukulibaziseka kokusebenza.
Kungani Ukupholisa Nokuvikelwa Komlilo Kuthinta Izindleko Ze-BESS?
Ukuphathwa kokushisa kuthinta ukusebenza, ukusetshenziswa okuyisizayo, ukufaneleka kwemvelo, kanye nokuqagela komjikelezo wempilo. Izidingo zokuvikela umlilo zingathinta ukutholwa, ukuxhumana kwe-alamu, umoya, isikhala, idizayini yendawo ebiyelwe, ukucindezela noma ezinye izinhlinzeko ezidingekayo zephrojekthi, ukwakheka komphakathi, kanye nemibhalo yokugunyazwa.
Abathengi kufanele bakugweme ukuphatha lezi zinto njengezesekeli ezijwayelekile. Ububanzi obudingekayo buncike ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo ezihlongozwayo, indawo yokufaka, indawo yendawo, izimfuneko zeziphathimandla zasendaweni, amazinga ephrojekthi, kanye nezibopho ezinikezwe umphakeli nesifaki.
Okungenani, cela umbhida ngamunye ukuthi asho:
- Isakhiwo sokupholisa esifakwe ekucushweni okucashuniwe
- Indawo eshiwo yokusebenza neyokugcina esetshenziselwa ukuqagela kokusebenza
- Noma yiliphi izinga lokushisa noma isisekelo sokunciphisa ukuphakama
- Amandla asizayo afakwe ekubalweni kokusebenza kwenetha
- Ukutholwa, i-alamu, ukungena komoya, ukuvala shaqa, kanye nezinhlinzeko zomlilo ezidingekayo ezifakiwe
- Ukucaciswa okudingekayo, ukungena, ukuxhumana nabantu, indawo yokuhambisa amanzi kanye nendawo yesevisi
- Izinto okufanele zinikezwe usonkontileka wendawo
- Amazinga, izitifiketi, noma ukugunyazwa okuyizidingo zomthengi futhi zisadinga ukuqinisekiswa
Esinye isifundo semboni ukuthi into yomugqa wokuvikela umlilo ongachaziwe idala izingozi ezimbili eziphambene. Umphakeli angase akhiphe umsebenzi lowo iphrojekthi ewudinga kamuva, noma umthengi angase akhokhele iphakheji engafani nomzila wokugunyazwa wendawo. I-RFQ kufanele ichaze umphumela odingekayo futhi icele umenzi webhidi ukuthi akhombe ububanzi obufakiwe, okucatshangwayo, kanye nokungafakwanga ngaphandle kokufuna ukuthotshelwa komthetho okungaqinisekisiwe.
Ngabe Iwaranti kanye Nomjikelezo Womsebenzi Kufanele Kwenziwe Kujwayelwe Kanjani?
Iwaranti ende ayinikezi ngokuzenzakalelayo inani elikhulu. Iwaranti kufanele ifundwe kanye nemikhawulo yomjikelezo, amandla aphumayo, izinga lokushisa lokusebenza, iwindi lesimo sokushaja, amanani weshaji nokukhipha, incazelo yomthamo ogciniwe, izibopho zokunakekela, ukubala ukutholakala, nokungafakwa.
Ukuze uthole amabhidi afanayo, cela ishejuli yewaranti ehlanganisa:
- Isikhathi sewaranti kanye nedethi yokuqala
- Iphrofayili yomsebenzi ovunyelwe kanye nenani lemijikelezo noma isisekelo sokusebenza
- Isisekelo sokugcina umthamo kanye nendlela yokulinganisa
- Izimo zokusebenza nezidingo zokulondoloza
- Incazelo yokutholakala nesikhathi sokuphumula esingabaliwe
- Izingxenye, abasebenzi, ukuhamba, ukuthwala impahla, isofthiwe, kanye nezibopho zokushintsha
- Umzila wokuphendula wokuxilonga okukude kanye nesevisi yasendaweni
- Lungisa uma isistimu ingahlangabezani nomkhawulo wokusebenza okuvunyelwene ngawo
Iphutha elivamile lomthengi ukukhetha iwaranti enesikhathi sekhalenda eside kunawo wonke kuyilapho uziba ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwansuku zonke okuhleliwe kweqa i-output ecashuniwe noma ukuqagela komjikelezo. Iwaranti kufanele ihlolwe ngokumelene nemodeli yokusebenza yangempela, hhayi ngokumelene nesihloko sencwajana.
Yiziphi Izinto Zokuhlola Nokusebenzisa Okufanele Zifakwe Intengo?
Ukuhlola kuguqula izitatimende zabahlinzeki zibe ubufakazi. Ikhotheshini ephelele kufanele ihlukanise ukuhlolwa kwefekthri, ukubuyekezwa kwedokhumenti, ukuhlolwa kwangaphambilini kokuthunyelwa, ukuthunyelwa kwesayithi, ukwamukelwa kwesayithi, ukuboniswa kokusebenza, ukuqeqeshwa komsebenzisi, nokusekelwa kwangemva kokuthunywa.
| Isiteji Sephrojekthi | Ubufakazi noma Isevisi Yokucela | Iphuzu Lezentengiso Lokuqinisekisa |
| Ukugunyazwa kwedizayini | Uhlu lokucushwa, imidwebo, umdwebo womugqa owodwa, izixhumanisi, incazelo yokulawula, neshejuli yokuchezuka | Inombolo yemijikelezo yokubuyekeza, isibopho sokubuyekeza, nomthelela wokugunyaza ngesikhathi sokuhola |
| Isiteji semboni | Uhlelo lokuhlola lwasefekthri, amarekhodi okuhlola, amasheke okusebenza, ukulebula, nokuqinisekisa ukupakisha | Izimfuneko zofakazi, ezifakiwe nezivivinyo, izivivinyo ozikhethela zona, nenqubo yesenzo sokulungisa |
| Ukulethwa nokufakwa | Amadokhumenti okuthumela, izidingo zokuthulula, imiyalelo yokufaka, ikhebula nezindawo zomphakathi | I-Incoterm, ukupakisha, ezokuthutha zangaphakathi nezwe, ukuthulula, ukugcinwa, kanye nesibopho sokufakwa kwendawo |
| Ukugunyaza | Ukuhlolwa kokunika amandla, ukuxhumana, amamodi okulawula, izixhumanisi zokuvikela, ama-alamu, nokuqeqeshwa | Ukuhamba, abasebenzi, ukwesekwa okukude, amathuluzi, abasebenzi basendaweni, nokuqagela okuhleliwe |
| Ukwamukela | Amandla okuvunyelwene ngawo, amandla asebenzisekayo, ubude besikhathi, impendulo yokuthunyelwa, ukuloga idatha, nokuziphatha kokugodla | Imikhawulo yokwamukela, imithetho yokuhlola kabusha, isibopho sokubambezeleka, kanye nekhambi lokungathobeli |
Ezinye izindleko ezifihliwe zivela lapho ukugunyazwa kuchazwa “njengosekelo” ngaphandle kokuchaza ukuthi lokho kusho imibhalo, isiqondiso esikude, noma abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe kusayithi. Ikhotheshini kufanele ihlonze isevisi okuyiyonayona, ubude besikhathi, izimfuneko, okungafakwanga, nokulethwa kokwamukelwa.
Kungani Intengo Ephansi I-kWh ngayinye Ikhiqiza Izindleko Eziphakeme Kakhulu Ezifakiwe?
Intengo ephansi kakhulu nge-kWh ngayinye ingase idukise uma ikhotheshini ingafaki amathuluzi noma amasevisi adingekayo ukuze kufinyelelwe ekwamukelweni kokusebenza. Abathengi kufanele babale kokubili inani lomphakeli kanye nenani eliphelele elilindelekile ukuze bafake isistimu kusevisi.
| Ukukhishwa okungenzeka | Kungani Iphuthelwe | Umphumela Ongaba Khona |
| I-PCS, i-transformer, noma i-switchgear | Ikhwothi yethulwa njengephakheji yebhethri kunesistimu elungele ukuxhumana. | Ukuthenga okwengeziwe, ubunjiniyela besixhumi esibonakalayo, nobungozi beshejuli |
| Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-EMS kanye nemitha | Izilawuli zendawo eziyisisekelo zinephutha namandla okuthumela iphrojekthi. | Uhlelo alukwazi ukusebenzisa noma ukuqinisekisa isu lokusebenza elihlosiwe. |
| Ukupholisa kanye nokulethwa kwezinsiza | Izinto ezisizayo azifakiwe emngceleni wamandla noma wokufaka. | Ukusebenza kwenetha okuphansi kanye nomsebenzi kagesi owengeziwe |
| Izinhlinzeko zomlilo ezidingekayo zephrojekthi | Isibopho sishiywa "kububanzi bendawo" ngaphandle kwesixhumi esibonakalayo esinemininingwane. | Ukulibaziseka kokuvunyelwa, ukuklama kabusha, noma izindleko zikasonkontileka ezingahleliwe |
| Ukulayisha impahla, ukuthulula, kanye nokugcinwa kwesayithi | Abahlinzeki basebenzisa ama-Incoterms ahlukene kanye nokuqagela kokupakisha. | Izingcaphuno ezinezintengo zemishini efanayo zinezindleko ezihlukile zokufika kanye nokudluliswa kwengozi. |
| Ukuhlolwa kokugunyazwa nokwamukela | Ukulethwa kwezisetshenziswa kuthathwa njengokuphothulwa kwephrojekthi. | Umthengi ukhokha ngokwehlukana ukuze afakazele ukusebenza noma axazulule izinkinga zokusebenzisana. |
| Isevisi yewaranti kanye nempahla yokushintsha | Iwaranti isho igama kodwa hhayi ikhambi noma ukwabiwa kwezindleko. | Izindleko zokusekela i-Lifecycle zihlala kumthengi. |
Ngakho-ke isinqumo somthengi kufanele siqhathanise isikophu esijwayelekile, esihlaliswe phansi, esixhunyiwe, esihloliwe, nesisekelwe. Lokhu akusho ukuthi wonke umphakeli kufanele anikeze iphrojekthi ye-turnkey. Kusho ukuthi yonke into engabaliwe kufanele ibonakale, inikezwe umuntu onesibopho, futhi ifakwe ekuqhathanisweni kwenani eliphelele lomthengi.
Kanjani Dingsheng Product Amakhasi Ukusekela Quote Ukuqhathanisa?
I-Dingsheng ibala izinkomba zomkhiqizo wesitoreji samandla ezihlukene ezingabuyekezwa phakathi nokuhlolwa kwephrojekthi kwangaphambi kwesikhathi. Isibonelo, abathengi bangabuyekeza I-BESS -PLUS 500GP futhi BESS -200kWh. Lawa makhasi ahlonza izinketho ezihlukene zekhathalogi, kodwa igama lomkhiqizo noma umthamo wesihloko akufanele kuthathwe njengekhotheshini ephelele yephrojekthi.
Kumkhiqizo ngamunye esohlwini olufushane, umthengi kufanele acele u-Dingsheng ukuthi aqinisekise ukucushwa okuqondile okuhlongozwayo kwephrojekthi, okuhlanganisa isisekelo samandla namandla asebenzisekayo, okuhlanganisa imishini, ukuxhumana, izimo zokusebenza, izilawuli, imibhalo, umkhawulo wokulethwa, ukuhlolwa, ukuqagela kwewaranti, nokungafakwa. Lokhu kuvumela inkomba yomkhiqizo ukuthi iguqulelwe kububanzi bephrojekthi obuqhathanisekayo.
U-Dingsheng uphinde washicilela isibuyekezo sokuqukethwe kwephrojekthi mayelana ne Iphrojekthi yesiteshi sikagesi se-National cloud energy. Abathengi bangasebenzisa ulwazi olunjalo lwephrojekthi ukuze baqonde umongo webhizinisi wokulondoloza amandla enkampani, kuyilapho bedinga ubufakazi obubhaliwe, bokucushwa obuqondile bokusebenza kwabo.
Sibukeka Kanjani Isimo Sengcaphuno Yommeli We-Same-kWh?
Isimo: Ukwenza kube ngokujwayelekile izingcaphuno ezimbili zokugcina amandla e-C&I endaweni yezimboni. Lesi yisimo esimele ukuthengwa kwempahla, hhayi icala lekhasimende le-Dingsheng elifunwayo.
Ingemuva lebhizinisi: Indawo yokukhiqiza icela isistimu yebhethri yokushefa okuphezulu kanye nenani elilinganiselwe lomthwalo obalulekile. Abahlinzeki ababili bahambisa iziphakamiso eziphethe umthamo wamandla wesihloko esifanayo. Ithimba lokuthengwa kwempahla ekuqaleni liqhathanisa kuphela inani lentengo nenani nge-kWh ngayinye.
Inkinga: I-Quote A iphansi kakhulu, kodwa idokhumenti yayo ayisho ngokucacile amandla aqhubekayo, amandla asebenzisekayo e-AC, imisebenzi ye-EMS, okokusebenza kokuxhumanisa, izinsiza zokupholisa, ukugunyazwa kwesayithi, noma iphrofayili yomsebenzi wewaranti. I-Quote B ibiza kakhulu futhi ihlanganisa okokusebenza okubanzi kanye nobubanzi bokwamukela.
Imbangela: I-RFQ icacisa i-kWh kodwa ayichazi isilinganiso samandla-amandla, umsebenzi wokuthumela, indawo yokulinganisa, indawo yokusebenza, ukuxhunywa kukagesi, izimo zemvelo, amalungiselelo omlilo adingekayo, inqubo yokuhlola, noma i-matrix yesibopho. Umphakeli ngamunye unenani lomngcele ohlukile.
Isixazululo: Umthengi ukhipha ishejuli eyodwa yokwenza amabhidi abejwayelekile. Bobabili abahlinzeki kufanele babuyisele i-kW eqhubekayo, amandla asebenzisekayo, ubude besikhathi, ukuqagela kokuqala nokuphela kwewaranti, ububanzi be-PCS kanye ne-EMS, umngcele we-transformer ne-switchgear, izinhlinzeko zokupholisa nomlilo, isidingo esisizayo, ukuthwala impahla, ukugunyazwa, ukuhlolwa kokwamukela, ikhambi lewaranti, nokungafakwa kwenani lentengo.
Inani Lesinqumo Somthengi: Ukuqhathanisa okubuyekeziwe kukhombisa ukuthi ingabe i-Quote A ihlala ibiza kancane yini ngemva kokuba izinto zokusebenza ezingekho kanye nezinsizakalo zengezwe. Khona-ke umthengi angakwazi ukukhetha phakathi kobubanzi obuphelele bomphakeli kanye nesu lokuhlukanisa inkontileka esekelwe esilinganisweni sezindleko ezifakiwe, ingcuphe yesixhumi esibonakalayo, ishejuli, ikhwalithi yobufakazi, nokusekelwa komjikelezo wokuphila—hhayi ngenani elingafanelekile le-kWh ngayinye.
Kufanele Iqukathe Ithebula Lokwenza Ibhidi-Normalization?
| Inkundla yokuqhathanisa | Imfuneko yomthengi | Kudingeka Impendulo Yomhlinzeki |
| Isicelo kanye nomsebenzi | Inhloso eyinhloko, ishejuli yokuthunyelwa, imijikelezo, ukugodla, nezimo zokusebenza ezilindelekile | Ukuqagela okuqinisekisiwe komsebenzi kanye nanoma yimiphi imikhawulo yokusebenza |
| Amandla | Ukushaja okuqhubekayo okudingekayo kanye nokukhipha i-kW ezimeni ezichaziwe | Amandla aqinisekisiwe, ukulinganisa okuphezulu uma kusebenza, ubude besikhathi, kanye nesisekelo sokunciphisa |
| Amandla | Amandla adingekayo asebenzisekayo endaweni yokulinganisa okuvunyelwene ngayo | I-Nominal DC, i-DC esebenzisekayo, i-AC esebenzisekayo, iwindi elisebenzayo, i-reserve, nokulahlekelwa |
| Isisekelo somjikelezo wokuphila | Amandla adingekayo ekusetshenzisweni kanye nasezindaweni zewaranti eshiwo | Ukucekelwa phansi, umthamo ogciniwe, okuphuma phambili, imijikelezo, izinga lokushisa, nokuqagela kokulungisa |
| Ibhethri ne-DC scope | Amamojula, ama-rack, i-BMS, ukuvikelwa kwe-DC, ikhebula, izixhumi, nomngcele ovalekile | Amathuluzi afakiwe, amanani, izinkomba zemodeli, nokungafakwanga |
| I-PCS kanye nobubanzi be-AC | Ukuguqulwa, i-transformer, i-switchgear, i-metering, ukuvikela, nomngcele wokuxhuma | Izilinganiso ezifakiwe, izixhumanisi, ukuqagela kwephutha, nobubanzi bosonkontileka basendaweni |
| EMS kanye nokuxhumana | Amamodi okusebenza, izilawuli, izivumelwano, ukufinyelela ukude, ama-alamu, nezidingo zedatha | Imisebenzi, amalayisense, ihadiwe, uhlu lokuxhumana, nezibopho zesoftware |
| Ububanzi bokushisa nomlilo | Indawo yendawo kanye nezinhlinzeko zokuvikela ezidingekayo | Ukupholisa, izinsiza, ukutholwa, ama-alamu, ukungena komoya, ukuvala shaqa, ukucaciswa, nokungafakwa |
| Ukuhlolwa nokwamukelwa | Imboni edingekayo, indawo, ukusebenza, ukuxhumana, kanye nemisebenzi yokuqeqesha | Uhlelo lokuhlola, imikhawulo yokwamukela, amarekhodi, abasebenzi, ishejuli, nemibandela yokuhlola kabusha |
| Umngcele wezohwebo | Ubuningi, i-Incoterm, indawo okuyiwa kuyo, okuqondiwe kokulethwa, ukupakisha, ukufakwa, izipele, nesevisi | Ukuhlukaniswa kwentengo, i-MOQ, isikhathi sokuhola, izinto ozikhethela zona, okungafakwanga, iwaranti, nezigaba zokukhokha |
Bonke ababhidayo kufanele bagcwalise ithebula elifanayo futhi bamake yonke into njengefakiwe, ikhishiwe, ngokuzithandela, ehlinzekwe ngumthengi, noma ngaphansi kokuqinisekiswa. Amaseli angenalutho akufanele aphathwe njengobubanzi obufakiwe. Ukuchezuka kufanele kuxazululwe ngaphambi kwezinga lezentengiso nokukhishwa kwe-oda.
Kufanele Abathengi Babuhlole Kanjani Ubufakazi Bomhlinzeki Ngempahla?
Impendulo yomphakeli ethembekile ngokobuchwepheshe kufanele yenze ukucabanga kwayo kubonakale. Abathengi kufanele babheke amadokhumenti aqondene nokucushwa kunokuthembela kuphela ezincazelweni ezijwayelekile zomkhiqizo.
- Ibhili ecacile yokuhlinzeka exhunywe nenani elicashuniwe
- Ishejuli yamandla namandla enamaphuzu okulinganisa ashiwo nezimo zokusebenza
- Ulwazi lwesixhumi esibonakalayo sikagesi nezokuxhumana
- Uhlu lokuchezuka nokukhishwayo
- Izibopho zokuhlolwa kwefekthri nesayithi
- Ishejuli yewaranti efaniswe nephrofayela yomsebenzi ehlongozwayo
- Ukuhlukaniswa okungokoqobo kwesikhathi sokuhola okuhlanganisa ukugunyazwa, ukukhiqizwa, ukuhlolwa, ukupakisha, ukuthunyelwa, nokusekelwa kokugunyazwa
- Umzila ochaziwe wemibuzo yobuchwepheshe, ukungasebenzi kahle, izingxenye ezisele, usekelo lwesofthiwe, kanye nesevisi
Ukukhethwa komphakeli kufanele kulinganisele inani lentengo nekhwalithi yobufakazi, ukulawula isixhumi esibonakalayo, ukusabela kwephrojekthi, kanye nengozi yokwamukela. Ikhotheshini ephakeme kancane inganikeza ubungozi obuphelele obuphansi uma inikeza isikophu esiphelele nesiqinisekiswa. Ikhotheshini ephansi isengaba ukukhetha okulungile uma umthengi enezinsiza zokuhlanganisa zendawo futhi wonke umthwalo ongabaliwe wabelwe ngamabomu.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Kungani inani nge-kWh ngalinye linganele ukuqhathanisa izingcaphuno ze-BESS?
Ngoba abahlinzeki bangasebenzisa izincazelo zamandla ezihlukene kanye nemingcele yokuhlinzeka. Idinominetha ingase ibe amandla okuzisholo e-DC, amandla e-DC asebenzisekayo, noma elinye inani, kuyilapho intengo ingase ihlanganise noma ikhiphe i-PCS, i-EMS, i-transformer, i-switchgear, ukupholisa, izinhlinzeko zomlilo, ukuthwala impahla, ukuthunywa, kanye nesevisi.
Ingabe umthamo webhethri ofanayo usho amandla esistimu efanayo?
Cha. Amasistimu ane-kWh efanayo angaba nezilinganiso ezihlukene eziqhubekayo neziphakeme kakhulu ze-kW. Amandla athinta ubude besikhathi, ubukhulu be-PCS, okwamanje, ukuvikela, ukufunwa kwe-thermal, nokufaneleka kokushefa okuphezulu noma imithwalo eyisipele.
Ingabe abathengi kufanele baqhathanise amandla ajwayelekile noma asebenzisekayo?
Qhathanisa kokubili, kodwa sebenzisa amandla aqinisekisiwe asebenzisekayo endaweni yokulinganisa okuvunyelwene ngayo ukuze wamukelwe iphrojekthi. Idinga iwindi lokusebenzisa, ukugodla, ukulahlekelwa kokuguqulwa, ukusetshenziswa okuyisizayo, izinga lokushisa, kanye nesisekelo somjikelezo wempilo ukuthi sishiwo.
I-PCS kanye ne-EMS izithinta kanjani izindleko zesistimu yokugcina amandla?
I-PCS inquma ukuguqulwa kwamandla namandla okusebenza, kuyilapho i-EMS ilawula ukuthunyelwa, okokufaka kwemitha, ukuxhumana, ama-alamu, nedatha. Izilinganiso ezihlukene, imisebenzi, ukuxhumana, kanye nemingcele yokuhlinzeka kungadala umehluko omkhulu wezindleko.
Kungani ukupholisa nokuvikela umlilo kuhluka phakathi kwabahlinzeki?
Ububanzi obudingekayo buncike ekucushweni kwemishini, indawo ezungezile, ukwakheka kokufaka, amazinga ephrojekthi, izimfuneko zokugunyaza zendawo, kanye nokwahlukaniswa kwesibopho phakathi komnikezeli wempahla nosonkontileka wendawo. Umfakisicelo ngamunye kufanele asho izinhlinzeko ezifakiwe kanye nokungafakwanga.
Iziqinisekiso kufanele ziqhathaniswe kanjani?
Qhathanisa igama lekhalenda kanye nomjikelezo noma imikhawulo yokuphuma, iphrofayili yomsebenzi, isisekelo somthamo ogciniwe, izimo zokusebenza, izibopho zokunakekela, okungafakwanga, impendulo yesevisi, kanye nesibopho sokushintshwa.
Yiluphi ulwazi okufanele luthunyelwe ngaphambi kokucela ikhotheshini efanayo?
Thumela i-kW edingekayo, i-kWh esebenzisekayo, ubude besikhathi, inhloso yokusebenza, iphethini yomjikelezo, ukugodla, umdwebo kagesi womugqa owodwa, ugesi wokuxhuma, izimo zesayithi, izilawuli nezidingo zokuxhumana, ukunikezwa kokuvikela okudingekayo kwephrojekthi, izivivinyo, ubuningi, indawo, i-Incoterm, okuqondiwe kokulethwa, nokulindelwe kwesevisi.
Cela Ukucushwa Nokubukezwa Kwezilinganiso-Normalization
Lungiselela inhloso yephrojekthi, amandla aqhubekayo adingekayo, amandla asebenzisekayo, ubude besikhathi, umjikelezo wemisebenzi, indawo yokusebenza, ugesi wokuxhuma, umdwebo womugqa owodwa, indawo yendawo, ukuxhumana, ukupholisa okudingwa yiphrojekthi kanye nezinhlinzeko zomlilo, izidingo zokuhlola, ubuningi, indawo, i-Incoterm, okuhlosiwe kokulethwa, kanye nokulindelwe kwewaranti. Zihambise nge-Dingsheng’s ikhasi lokuxhumana kanye neprojekthi yokucaphuna. Ithimba lingabuyekeza ukulungiselelwa okufanele kwesitoreji samandla, libone ububanzi obungekho, licacise umkhiqizo nezixhumi ezibonakalayo zikagesi, futhi libuyisele ikhotheshini enemibono eshiwo, amathuluzi afakiwe, amadokhumenti, isikhathi sokuhola, izibopho zokwamukela, kanye nokungafakwanga.
