EVSE yana tsaye don Kayan Aikin Samar da Motocin Lantarki. Idan kun taɓa yin siyayya don akwatin bangon gida, shirya aikin cajin wurin aiki, ko binciken ababen more rayuwa na lantarki, tabbas kun taɓa ganin wannan acronym - sau da yawa a wuraren da kawai mutane ke rubuta “Charge EV” ko “tasha caji.”
Fahimtar abin da EVSE ke nufi yana da mahimmanci fiye da yadda yake ji. Yana canza yadda kuke kimanta kayan aiki, yadda kuke tsara shigarwa, da kuma yadda kuke guje wa siyan samfur mara kyau don EV ɗin ku, ginin ku da kasafin kuɗin ku. Wannan jagorar yana bayyana ma'anar EVSE, yadda tashar cajin EVSE ke aiki, bambanci tsakanin tsarin AC da DC, da ka'idodin da ke raba kayan aiki masu inganci daga sauran.
EVSE Ma'ana: Kayan Aikin Samar da Motocin Lantarki
Kayan Aikin Samar da Motocin Lantarki (EVSE) shine kalmar hukuma don kayan aikin da ke ba da makamashin lantarki cikin aminci daga wutar lantarkin ginin zuwa motar lantarki. A cikin Amurka, National Electrical Code (NEC) ya bayyana EVSE a cikin Mataki na ashirin da 625 a matsayin kayan aiki da na'urorin haɗi - ciki har da na'urar caji, wayoyi, hanyoyin cirewa da masu haɗawa - da ake buƙata don canja wurin wutar lantarki daga wurin da aka haɗa zuwa na'urar lantarki.
A cikin yare na yau da kullun, kayan aiki iri ɗaya ana kiransu abubuwa da yawa: EV caji tashar, caji batu, bangon bango, caji ko caja EV. Kalmar "tarin caji" ya zama ruwan dare a kasar Sin da kasuwannin fitarwa da yawa, yayin da "tashar caji" da "akwatin bango" suka mamaye Arewacin Amurka da Turai. Ko menene suna, aikin ɗaya ne: haɗa abin hawa lafiya zuwa grid, sarrafa wutar lantarki, da kare mutane, dukiya da abin hawa kanta.
Bambancin Maɓalli: EVSE Ba Caja bane
Wannan shine mafi yawan rashin fahimta a cikin masana'antar. Don cajin AC, EVSE ba caja bane - ainihin caja yana zaune a cikin abin hawa.
Ga yadda yake aiki. Motar lantarki ta ƙunshi caja a kan jirgin, Na'urar da ke juyar da alternating current (AC) daga ginin da ake samarwa zuwa kai tsaye (DC) don cajin baturi. Gidan cajin AC na gida ko wurin aiki yana da wayo, kariyar wutar lantarki: yana ba da wutar AC ga abin hawa, yana sadarwa da shi ta siginar sarrafawa, kuma yana tsayawa ko fara kwarara cikin aminci. Juyawa zuwa DC yana faruwa a cikin motar.
Cajin gaggawa na DC ya bambanta. A cikin tsarin caji na DC, EVSE yana ƙunshe da babban cajar kanta, yana canza AC zuwa DC kuma yana ciyar da wutar DC kai tsaye zuwa baturi, yana ƙetare cajar kan jirgi. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa tashoshin DC suna cajin sauri da sauri - kuma me yasa suka fi tsada kuma suna buƙatar ƙarin kayan aikin lantarki.
Lokacin da kuka toshe EV cikin tashar caji ta EVSE, ɗan gajeren jerin yana gudana ta atomatik:
- Haɗi da musafaha. Mai haɗawa yana kulle akan abin hawa, kuma EVSE da abin hawa suna musayar siginar matukin jirgi mai sarrafawa (wanda aka bayyana ta ma'auni kamar SAE J1772) don tabbatar da cewa haɗin yana da aminci kuma motar tana shirye don karɓar iko.
- Karfafawa. EVSE tana rufe mai tuntuɓar ta kuma ta fara isar da iko a matakin shawarwari.
- Saka idanu. Tsarin yana ci gaba da lura da halin yanzu, ƙarfin lantarki, zazzabi da amincin ƙasa, kuma yana rufewa nan take idan wani abu ya saba.
- Kammalawa. Lokacin da baturi ya kai matsayin da aka yi niyya na caji, ko mai amfani ya dakatar da zaman, EVSE yana kashe wutar da'irar kuma yana buɗe mai haɗawa.
Tashoshin sadarwar zamani suna ƙara mataki na biyar: sadarwa tare da dandamali na baya ta amfani da buɗaɗɗen ladabi kamar OCPP, wanda ke ba da damar lissafin kuɗi, sarrafa nesa, sarrafa kaya da aikace-aikacen wayar hannu.
Yawanci ana kwatanta ƙarfin caji a matakai uku:
- Mataki na 1 - daidaitattun 120 V AC kantuna, yawanci 1.2-1.9 kW; dace da cajin mazaunin dare.
- Mataki na 2 - 208/240 V AC, daga kusan 3.7 kW zuwa 19.2 kW; mafi yawan aji na gidaje, wuraren aiki da filin ajiye motoci na jama'a, tare da raka'a na yau da kullum da aka kiyasta a 7 kW, 11 kW ko 22 kW.
- DC sauri caji - Tashoshin DC masu ƙarfi daga kusan 50 kW zuwa 350 kW, ana amfani da su don wuraren cajin jama'a da manyan tituna.
Nau'in Tashoshin Cajin EVSE
Tashoshin caji na EVSE suna zuwa ta hanyoyi da yawa, kowanne an tsara shi don wani aiki daban:
- Akwatunan bango na zama - ƙananan raka'o'in AC (yawanci 7-22 kW) waɗanda aka ɗora a cikin gareji ko kan bangon waje don cajin gida.
- Tashoshin kasuwanci da na jama'a - Matakan AC da rukunin bango don wuraren ajiye motoci, wuraren sayayya da wuraren aiki, galibi ana haɗa su don biyan kuɗi da gudanarwa.
- Tashoshin caji mai sauri na DC - Caja DC kadai ko tsarin da aka haɗaka, kamar babban ma'aikatar gyara wutar lantarki da ke ciyar da tashoshi masu caji na DC da yawa, ana amfani da su a tashoshin sabis da ma'ajiyar jiragen ruwa.
- Tsarin cajin jiragen ruwa - haɗaɗɗen shigarwar maki masu yawa tare da sarrafa kaya don cajin motoci da yawa cikin dare ko tsakanin canje-canje.
Masu haɗawa kuma sun bambanta ta yanki: Nau'in 1 (SAE J1772) da CCS sun zama ruwan dare a Arewacin Amirka, Nau'in 2 da CCS a Turai, CHAdeMO a Japan, GB/T a China, kuma NACS yana karuwa a fadin Arewacin Amirka. Masu saye ya kamata koyaushe su dace da tashar da mai haɗin kai zuwa motocin da yankin da suke hidima.
Ka'idoji da Takaddun Shaida waɗanda ke da mahimmanci
Ana bayyana tashar caji mai inganci ta EVSE ta ma'aunin da ta dace:
- Mataki na ashirin da 625 NEC - Abubuwan buƙatun Lambar Lantarki na Ƙasar Amurka don shigar da kayan aikin samar da motocin lantarki, rufe wayoyi, kariya, hanyoyin cire haɗin gwiwa da yin alama.
- SAE J1772 - ƙa'idar Arewacin Amurka don ma'amalar caji da sarrafa sadarwar matukin jirgi tsakanin abin hawa da EVSE.
- Matsayin aminci na UL - Takaddar aminci mai zaman kanta don kayan aikin caji na EV a Arewacin Amurka.
- Takardar bayanai:IEC61851 - ƙa'idodin ƙasashen duniya don tsarin cajin abin hawa na lantarki: Sashe na 1 ya ƙunshi buƙatu na gabaɗaya, Sashe na 23 ya ƙunshi tashoshin caji na DC, kuma Sashe na 24 ya ƙunshi sadarwar dijital don cajin DC.
- Takaddun shaida na ingancin ƙasa da tsarin gudanarwa na ISO - takaddun shaida matakin masana'anta waɗanda ke nuna daidaitaccen ƙira, samarwa da matakan sarrafa inganci.
Waɗannan ƙa'idodin sun wanzu saboda dalili. Kayan aiki na caji suna ɗaukar igiyoyi masu ƙarfi, suna aiki a waje cikin ruwan sama da zafi, kuma suna zaune a wuraren jama'a. Inshorar kayan aiki suna kare masu amfani daga girgiza wutar lantarki da wuta, suna gamsar da hukuma da masu inshora masu ba da izini, kuma suna ba da takaddun da ake buƙata don haɗin grid da shirye-shiryen tallafi.
Abin da za ku nema a cikin Mai ba da Cajin Tashar EVSE
Lokacin kimanta mai kaya don aikin cajin ku na EV, duba fiye da farashin kowace raka'a:
- Kewayon samfur. Shin za su iya samar da raka'a AC, caji mai sauri na DC da kayan aikin lantarki daga tushe ɗaya?
- Takaddun shaida. Shin samfuransu suna ɗaukar takaddun ingancin ƙasa, takaddun IEC da takaddun tsarin gudanarwa na ISO?
- Ƙimar wutar lantarki da daidaitawa. Shin matakan wutar lantarki (7 kW, 22 kW, DC mai ƙarfi) sun dace da motocin ku da akwati na amfani?
- Cibiyar sadarwa da ikon gudanarwa. Shin kayan aikin suna tallafawa buɗaɗɗen ladabi kamar OCPP da gudanarwa na tushen ƙa'idar?
- Injiniya da tallafin shigarwa. Shin mai kaya zai iya isar da ƙira, masana'anta, shigarwa da ayyuka-da-tsarewa a matsayin cikakken kunshin?
- Tabbatar da rikodin waƙa. An yi amfani da samfuran su a cikin grid na gaske, dogo, ma'adinai da ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa?
Dingsheng: Kayan Aikin Cajin EV daga ƙwararren Mai ƙira
Shandong Dingsheng Electric Equipment Co., Ltd. babban kamfani ne na fasaha na kasa da kuma wani kamfani na "Little Giant" na kasa wanda ya ƙware a cikin R&D da samar da manyan kayan wuta da ƙarancin wutar lantarki, EV caji tara da kayan ajiyar makamashi. Kamfanin yana aiki da masana'anta na murabba'in mita 20,000 tare da ma'aikatan 220, kuma layin samfuransa ya haɗa da 7 kW da 22 kW AC caji tara, babban ƙarfin cajin cajin DC kamar 360/480 kW rukunin cajin gyaran gyare-gyare, da tsarin ajiyar makamashi - cikakken kewayon da ke goyan bayan cikakken ayyukan caji guda ɗaya.
An rubuta ƙarfin fasaha na Dingsheng maimakon da'awar: 16 ƙirƙira hažžožin mallaka, 38 samfurin hažžožin mallaka da hažžožin software 12, goyon bayan tara na lardin da na gunduma R&D dandamali. Duk samfuran sun ƙetare takaddun ingancin ƙasa, takaddun daidaitaccen daidaitaccen IEC na duniya da takaddun tsarin gudanarwa na ISO, kuma kamfanin yana riƙe da cancantar Grade II don Babban Kwangila na Gina Wutar Lantarki. An yi amfani da hanyoyin magance shi a cikin ayyukan kamar Grid na Jiha, Babban hanyar jirgin kasa na Beijing-Shanghai da ginin taimakon Afirka, tare da fitarwa zuwa kudu maso gabashin Asiya, Afirka da sauran yankuna, kuma kamfanin yana ba da sabis na cikakken sarkar da ke rufe ƙirar aikin, masana'anta, haɗaɗɗen shigarwa da aikin fasaha da kiyayewa.
Kammalawa
EVSE tana nufin Kayan Aikin Samar da Motocin Lantarki - kayan aiki masu wayo, aminci waɗanda ke haɗa abin hawa na lantarki zuwa wutar lantarki. Ko ka kira ta tashar caji, akwatin bango ko tarin caji, zabar tashar caji mai kyau ta EVSE ta sauko zuwa matakin wutar lantarki, dacewa da haɗin haɗin kai, bin ƙa'idodi da amincin masana'anta a bayansa.
Idan kuna shirin aikin caji na gida, kasuwanci ko jirgin ruwa na EV kuma kuna buƙatar takaddun caji, tsarin caji mai sauri na DC ko kayan aikin lantarki masu goyan baya, ƙungiyarmu zata iya taimakawa. Tuntuɓi Dingsheng Electric don tattauna abubuwan da kuke buƙata -
tuntube mu don zaɓin samfur da shawarwarin aikin.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Menene EVSE ke tsayawa?
EVSE tana tsaye ne da Kayan Aikin Samar da Motocin Lantarki - kayan aikin da ke ba da wutar lantarki cikin aminci daga wutar lantarkin ginin zuwa motar lantarki.
Shin EVSE daidai yake da tashar caji?
Ee. "Tashar cajin EV", "cajin caji", "akwatin bango" da "cajin caji" duk sunaye na gama gari na nau'in kayan aikin da ake kira EVSE a hukumance.
Shin EVSE ce caja?
Don cajin AC, a'a - an gina ainihin cajar AC-to-DC a cikin abin hawa, kuma EVSE tana ba da ƙarfin AC mai aminci gare shi. A cikin caji mai sauri na DC, ana gina caja mai ƙarfi a cikin tashar caji da kanta.
Menene bambanci tsakanin AC da DC EVSE?
AC EVSE yana ba da madaidaicin halin yanzu zuwa caja na abin hawa, kuma ya saba don cajin gida da wurin aiki a 7-22 kW. DC EVSE yana ƙunshe da nasa caja mai ƙarfi kuma yana ciyar da DC kai tsaye zuwa baturin, yana ba da damar yin caji da sauri a 50 kW da sama.
Wadanne ma'auni ya kamata EVSE ta cika?
Mahimman bayanai sun haɗa da NEC Mataki na ashirin da 625 da SAE J1772 a Arewacin Amirka, UL aminci takaddun shaida, da jerin IEC 61851 na duniya, tare da takaddun shaida na ƙasa da takaddun tsarin gudanarwa na ISO daga masana'anta.
