EVSE isobanura Ibikoresho byo gutanga amashanyarazi. Niba warigeze kugura agasanduku k'urugo, wateguye umushinga wo kwishyuza aho ukorera, cyangwa ubushakashatsi ku bikorwa remezo by'ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi, wabonye rwose aya magambo ahinnye - akenshi ahantu abantu bandika gusa "EV charger" cyangwa "sitasiyo yo kwishyuza."
Kumva icyo EVSE isobanura mubyukuri kuruta uko byumvikana. Irahindura uburyo usuzuma ibikoresho, uko uteganya kwishyiriraho, nuburyo wirinda kugura ibicuruzwa bitari byo kuri EV yawe, inyubako yawe na bije yawe. Aka gatabo gasobanura ibisobanuro bya EVSE, uburyo sitasiyo yo kwishyuza ya EVSE ikora, itandukaniro riri hagati ya sisitemu ya AC na DC, hamwe nibipimo bitandukanya ibikoresho byiza nibindi.
EVSE Ibisobanuro: Ibikoresho byo gutanga amashanyarazi
Ibikoresho byo gutanga amashanyarazi (EVSE) nijambo ryemewe kubikoresho bitanga neza ingufu z'amashanyarazi ziva mumashanyarazi yinyubako kumashanyarazi. Muri Amerika, Amategeko y’amashanyarazi (NEC) asobanura EVSE mu ngingo ya 625 ko ibikoresho n’ibikoresho - birimo ishami rishinzwe kwishyuza, insinga, uburyo bwo guhuza hamwe n’umuhuza - bikenewe kugira ngo amashanyarazi avuye mu nsinga zerekeza ku modoka y’amashanyarazi.
Mu mvugo ya buri munsi, ibikoresho bimwe byitwa ibintu byinshi: Sitasiyo yo kwishyiriraho, aho yishyuza, agasanduku k'urukuta, ikirundo cyo kwishyiriraho cyangwa amashanyarazi. Ijambo "kwishyiriraho ikirundo" rikunze kugaragara mu Bushinwa no ku masoko menshi yohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, mu gihe "sitasiyo yo kwishyuza" na "wallbox" yiganje muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru n'Uburayi. Izina iryo ari ryo ryose, akazi ni kamwe: guhuza ibinyabiziga neza kuri gride, gucunga neza amashanyarazi, no kurinda abantu, imitungo n'imodoka ubwayo.
Itandukaniro ryingenzi: EVSE Ntabwo ari Amashanyarazi
Ubu ni bwo bwumvikane buke mu nganda. Kumashanyarazi ya AC, EVSE ntabwo ari charger - charger nyirizina iba mumodoka.
Dore uko ikora. Imodoka yamashanyarazi irimo an charger, igikoresho gihinduranya amashanyarazi (AC) avuye mumyubakire mumashanyarazi ataziguye (DC) kugirango yishyure bateri. Inzu yo gukoreramo inzu cyangwa aho ikorera ni mubyukuri amashanyarazi afite ubwenge, arinzwe: itanga ingufu za AC mumodoka, ikavugana nayo ikoresheje ikimenyetso cyo kugenzura, igahagarika cyangwa igatangira gutemba neza. Guhindura DC bibera mumodoka.
DC kwishyuza byihuse biratandukanye. Muri sisitemu yo kwishyuza DC, EVSE irimo charger ifite ingufu nyinshi ubwayo, ihindura AC kuri DC no kugaburira ingufu za DC kuri bateri, ukarenga kuri charger. Iyi niyo mpamvu sitasiyo ya DC yishyuza byihuse - nimpamvu zihenze cyane kandi bisaba ibikorwa remezo byinshi byamashanyarazi.
Iyo ucometse kuri EV muri sitasiyo ya EVSE, urukurikirane rugufi rukora mu buryo bwikora:
- Kwihuza no guhana ukuboko. Umuhuza afunga ikinyabiziga, hanyuma EVSE hamwe n’ibinyabiziga bihana ibimenyetso byerekana indege (bisobanurwa n’ibipimo nka SAE J1772) kugira ngo hemezwe ko ihuriro rifite umutekano kandi ikinyabiziga cyiteguye kwakira ingufu.
- Kwishyira hamwe. EVSE ifunga umuhuza wayo igatangira gutanga ingufu kurwego rwumvikanyweho.
- Gukurikirana. Sisitemu idahwema gukurikirana ikigezweho, voltage, ubushyuhe nubusugire bwubutaka, kandi igahita ihita niba hari ikintu kidasanzwe.
- Kurangiza. Iyo bateri igeze kumurongo wishyuza, cyangwa uyikoresha ahagaritse isomo, EVSE de-ingufu zumuzunguruko kandi zifungura umuhuza.
Sitasiyo igezweho igezweho yongeraho intambwe ya gatanu: kuvugana numwanya winyuma ukoresheje protocole ifunguye nka OCPP, ituma fagitire, imiyoborere ya kure, kugenzura imizigo hamwe na porogaramu za terefone.
Imbaraga zo kwishyuza zisobanurwa mubyiciro bitatu:
- Urwego 1 - isanzwe 120 V AC isohoka, mubisanzwe 1.2-1.9 kWt; bikwiriye kwishyurwa nijoro.
- Urwego 2 - 208/240 V AC, kuva kuri 3.7 kWt kugeza 19.2 kWt; icyiciro gikunze kugaragara kumazu, aho bakorera na parikingi rusange, hamwe nibisanzwe bipima 7 kW, 11 kW cyangwa 22 kW.
- DC kwishyurwa vuba - amashanyarazi menshi ya DC kuva kuri 50 kW kugeza kuri 350 kW, ikoreshwa mumashanyarazi rusange hamwe na koridoro.
Ubwoko bwa EVSE Yishyuza
Sitasiyo yo kwishyiriraho EVSE iza muburyo butandukanye, buriwese yagenewe imirimo itandukanye:
- Agasanduku k'amazu - ibice bya AC byegeranye (mubisanzwe 7-22 kW) byashyizwe muri garage cyangwa kurukuta rwinyuma kugirango bishyure urugo.
- Sitasiyo yubucuruzi na rusange - Inzira ya AC hamwe nu rukuta rwa parikingi, ahacururizwa hamwe n’aho bakorera, akenshi bahujwe no kwishyura no gucunga.
- DC yihuta - amashanyarazi ya DC yihariye cyangwa sisitemu zishyizwe hamwe, nka guverenema ikomeye ikosora kabine igaburira ibyuma byinshi byishyuza DC, bikoreshwa kuri sitasiyo ya serivisi no kubitsa amato.
- Sisitemu yo kwishyuza amato - guhuza ibice byinshi byashizweho hamwe no gucunga imizigo kugirango yishyure ibinyabiziga byinshi ijoro ryose cyangwa hagati ya shift.
Abahuza nabo baratandukana mukarere: Ubwoko bwa 1 (SAE J1772) na CCS biramenyerewe muri Amerika ya ruguru, Ubwoko bwa 2 na CCS mu Burayi, CHAdeMO mu Buyapani, GB / T mu Bushinwa, na NACS bigenda byiyongera muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru. Abaguzi bagomba guhuza buri gihe na sitasiyo ihuza ibinyabiziga n'akarere bakorera.
Ibipimo n'impamyabumenyi bifite akamaro
Sitasiyo yuzuye ya EVSE isobanurwa nibipimo byujuje:
- NEC Ingingo ya 625 - Amategeko agenga amashanyarazi muri Amerika asabwa mugushiraho ibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi, bikubiyemo insinga, kurinda, guhagarika uburyo no gushiraho ikimenyetso.
- SAE J1772 - amajyaruguru ya Amerika ya ruguru kubijyanye no gutwara ibicuruzwa no kugenzura itumanaho ryindege hagati yimodoka na EVSE.
- Ibipimo byumutekano bya UL - icyemezo cyumutekano wigenga kubikoresho byo kwishyuza EV muri Amerika ya ruguru.
- IEC 61851 - ibipimo mpuzamahanga kuri sisitemu yo kwishyuza ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi: Igice cya 1 gikubiyemo ibisabwa muri rusange, Igice cya 23 gikubiyemo sitasiyo ya DC, naho igice cya 24 gikubiyemo itumanaho rya sisitemu yo kwishyuza DC.
- Icyemezo cyubuziranenge bwigihugu hamwe na sisitemu yo gucunga ISO - ibyemezo byurwego-rwerekana ibyerekana bihoraho, umusaruro nuburyo bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge.
Ibipimo bibaho kubwimpamvu. Ibikoresho byo kwishyuza bitwara imigezi myinshi, ikorera hanze mumvura nubushyuhe, kandi ikicara ahantu rusange. Ibikoresho byemewe birinda abakoresha guhungabana n’umuriro, guhaza abayobozi n’abishingizi babemerera, kandi bitanga ibyangombwa bikenewe mu guhuza imiyoboro ya porogaramu na gahunda z’inkunga.
Ibyo Gushakisha Mubitanga Amashanyarazi ya EVSE
Mugihe usuzuma uwaguhaye umushinga wawe wo kwishyuza EV, reba ibirenze igiciro kuri buri gice:
- Urutonde rwibicuruzwa. Bashobora gutanga amashanyarazi ya AC, DC kwihuta no gushyigikira ibikoresho byamashanyarazi biva ahantu hamwe?
- Impamyabumenyi. Ibicuruzwa byabo bitwara ibyemezo byubuziranenge bwigihugu, icyemezo cya IEC hamwe nicyemezo cya sisitemu ya ISO?
- Ibipimo by'imbaraga n'iboneza. Urwego rwingufu (7 kWt, 22 kW, imbaraga nyinshi DC) zihuye nibinyabiziga byawe no gukoresha ikariso?
- Urusobe nubushobozi bwo kuyobora. Ibikoresho bishyigikira protocole ifunguye nka OCPP nubuyobozi bushingiye kuri porogaramu?
- Inkunga yo kubaka no kwishyiriraho. Utanga isoko arashobora gutanga igishushanyo, gukora, kwishyiriraho no gukora-no-kubungabunga serivisi nka paki yuzuye?
- Inyandiko zerekana neza. Ibicuruzwa byabo byakoreshejwe muri gride nyayo, gari ya moshi, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro n'imishinga mpuzamahanga?
Dingsheng: Ibikoresho byo kwishyuza EV biva mubukora byemewe
Shandong Dingsheng Electrical Equipment Co., Ltd ni ikigo cy’igihugu cy’ikoranabuhanga rikomeye n’ikigo cy’igihugu “Gito Gigant” kizobereye muri R&D no gukora amashanyarazi maremare kandi make, amashanyarazi ya EV hamwe n’ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu. Isosiyete ikora uruganda rwa metero kare 20.000 hamwe n’abakozi 220, kandi umurongo w’ibicuruzwa urimo ibirometero 7 bya kilo na 22 kilo AC yo kwishyuza, ibisubizo by’amashanyarazi ya DC ifite ingufu nka 360/480 kwitsinda ryishyuza kabine ikosora, hamwe na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu - urwego rwose rushyigikira imishinga yuzuye yo kwishyuza itangwa n’umuntu umwe utanga isoko.
Imbaraga za tekinike za Dingsheng zanditswe aho gusabwa: patenti 16 zavumbuwe, ipatanti 38 yingirakamaro yingirakamaro hamwe nuburenganzira bwa software 12, bishyigikiwe na cyenda cyintara na komine R&D. Ibicuruzwa byose byatsindiye impamyabumenyi y’igihugu, impamyabumenyi mpuzamahanga ya IEC hamwe n’icyemezo cya sisitemu yo gucunga ISO, kandi isosiyete ifite icyiciro cya kabiri cy’icyiciro cya kabiri cy’amasezerano rusange yo kubaka amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi. Ibisubizo byayo byakoreshejwe mu mishinga nka Grid ya Leta, Gari ya moshi yihuta ya Beijing - Shanghai no kubaka imfashanyo-Afurika, hamwe n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu majyepfo y’amajyepfo ya Aziya, Afurika ndetse no mu tundi turere, kandi isosiyete itanga serivise yuzuye ikubiyemo igishushanyo mbonera cy’imishinga, inganda, kwishyiriraho ibikorwa hamwe no gukora tekiniki no kubungabunga.
Umwanzuro
EVSE isobanura ibikoresho byo gutanga amashanyarazi - ibikoresho byubwenge, bifite umutekano bihuza ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi. Waba ubyita sitasiyo yo kwishyuza, agasanduku k'urukuta cyangwa ikirundo cyo kwishyuza, guhitamo sitasiyo iboneye ya EVSE ikamanuka kurwego rwamashanyarazi, guhuza imiyoboro, kubahiriza ibipimo no kwizerwa nuwabikoze inyuma yacyo.
Niba uteganya inzu, ubucuruzi cyangwa amato ya EV yo kwishyuza kandi ukeneye ibirundo byemewe byo kwishyuza, sisitemu yo kwishyuza byihuse ya DC cyangwa ibikoresho byamashanyarazi bifasha, itsinda ryacu rirashobora gufasha. Menyesha amashanyarazi ya Dingsheng kugirango uganire kubyo usabwa -
twandikire yo guhitamo ibicuruzwa no kugisha inama umushinga.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
EVSE igereranya iki?
EVSE isobanura ibikoresho byo gutanga ibinyabiziga bitanga amashanyarazi - ibikoresho byohereza amashanyarazi neza mumashanyarazi yinyubako kubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi.
Ese EVSE irasa na sitasiyo yo kwishyuza?
Yego. "EV charging station", "point point", "wallbox" na "charge pile" byose ni amazina asanzwe yicyiciro kimwe cyibikoresho byitwa EVSE kumugaragaro.
Ese EVSE ni charger?
Kumashanyarazi ya AC, oya - charger nyirizina AC-to-DC yubatswe mumodoka, kandi EVSE itanga imbaraga za AC umutekano kuri yo. Muri DC kwishyuza byihuse, amashanyarazi menshi yubatswe muri sitasiyo yo kwishyiriraho ubwayo.
Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya AC na DC EVSE?
AC EVSE itanga ibyuma bisimburana kuri charger yimodoka, kandi birasanzwe murugo no mukazi kwishyuza kuri 7-22 kW. DC EVSE ikubiyemo charger ifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi igaburira DC kuri bateri, igafasha kwihuta cyane kuri 50 kW hejuru no hejuru.
Ni ayahe mahame EVSE igomba kuba yujuje?
Ibyingenzi byingenzi birimo NEC Ingingo ya 625 na SAE J1772 muri Amerika ya ruguru, icyemezo cy’umutekano wa UL, hamwe n’uruhererekane rwa IEC 61851 ku rwego mpuzamahanga, hamwe n’icyemezo cy’ubuziranenge bw’igihugu hamwe n’icyemezo cya ISO cyo gucunga-sisitemu cyatanzwe na nyir'ugukora.
