I-EVSE imele Izinsiza Zokuhlinzeka Ngezimoto zikagesi. Uma uke wathenga i-wallbox yasekhaya, wahlela iphrojekthi yokushaja endaweni yokusebenza, noma wenza ucwaningo ngengqalasizinda yemoto kagesi, cishe uye wayibona lesi sifinyezo - ngokuvamile ezindaweni lapho abantu bavele babhale khona ukuthi “Ishaja ye-EV” noma “isiteshi sokushaja.”
Ukuqonda ukuthi i-EVSE isho ukuthini ngempela kubaluleke ngaphezu kokuzwakalayo. Ishintsha indlela ohlola ngayo okokusebenza, ukuthi uhlela kanjani ukufaka, nokuthi ugwema kanjani ukuthenga umkhiqizo ongalungile we-EV yakho, isakhiwo sakho kanye nesabelomali sakho. Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza incazelo ye-EVSE, ukuthi isiteshi sokushaja se-EVSE sisebenza kanjani, umehluko phakathi kwezinhlelo ze-AC ne-DC, kanye namazinga ahlukanisa imishini yekhwalithi kwezinye.
I-EVSE Incazelo: Izinto Zokuhlinzeka Ngezimoto zikagesi
I-Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) yitemu elisemthethweni lezinto zokusebenza eziletha ngokuphepha amandla kagesi ukusuka kumandla wesakhiwo ukuya emotweni kagesi. E-United States, Ikhodi Kagesi Kazwelonke (NEC) ichaza i-EVSE ku-Article 625 njengezisetshenziswa nezinto ezisetshenziswayo - okuhlanganisa iyunithi yokushaja, izintambo, izindlela zokunqamula nezixhumi - okudingekayo ukuze kudluliswe amandla asuka kuzintambo zezakhiwo aye emotweni kagesi.
Ngolimi lwansuku zonke, okokusebenza okufanayo kubizwa ngezinto eziningi: Isiteshi sokushaja i-EV, indawo yokushaja, i-wallbox, inqwaba yokushaja noma ishaja ye-EV. Igama elithi “inqwaba yokushaja” livamile eShayina nasezimakethe eziningi ezithumela ngaphandle, kuyilapho “isiteshi sokushaja” kanye “nebhokisi lodonga” kubusa eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiliphi igama, umsebenzi uyafana: ukuxhuma imoto ngokuphepha kugridi, ukuphatha ukuhamba kukagesi, nokuvikela abantu, impahla kanye nemoto ngokwayo.
Umehluko Obalulekile: I-EVSE Akuyona Ishaja
Lokhu kuwukungaqondi okuvamile embonini. Ngokushaja kwe-AC, i-EVSE akuyona ishaja - ishaja yangempela ihlala ngaphakathi kwemoto.
Nansi indlela esebenza ngayo. Imoto kagesi iqukethe i ishaja engaphakathi, idivayisi eguqula i-alternating current (AC) isuka esakhiweni ibe yamanje eqondile (DC) ukuze ishaje ibhethri. Isiteshi sokushaja i-AC sasekhaya noma emsebenzini siwumthombo wamandla ohlakaniphile, ovikelekile: sinikeza amandla e-AC emotweni, sixhumana nayo ngesignali yokulawula, futhi simise noma siqale ukugeleza ngokuphepha. Ukuguqulwa ku-DC kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwemoto.
Ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC kuhlukile. Kusistimu yokushaja ye-DC, i-EVSE iqukethe ishaja enamandla amakhulu ngokwayo, eguqula i-AC ibe yi-DC futhi iphakele amandla e-DC ngokuqondile ebhethrini, idlule ishaja engaphakathi. Yingakho iziteshi ze-DC zishaja ngokushesha okukhulu - futhi kungani zibiza kakhulu futhi zidinga ingqalasizinda kagesi eyengeziwe.
Uma uxhuma i-EV esiteshini sokushaja se-EVSE, ukulandelana okufushane kuhamba ngokuzenzakalelayo:
- Ukuxhumana nokuxhawula. Isixhumi sikhiya emotweni, kanye ne-EVSE kanye nokushintshana kwemoto isignali yokushayela yokulawula (echazwe ngamazinga afana ne-SAE J1772) ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi uxhumano luphephile futhi imoto isilungele ukwamukela amandla.
- Kuyanika amandla. I-EVSE ivala isixhumi sayo futhi iqala ukuletha amandla ezingeni okuxoxiwe ngalo.
- Ukuqapha. Uhlelo ngokuqhubekayo luqapha amandla amanje, amandla kagesi, izinga lokushisa kanye nobuqotho bomhlaba, futhi luyacisha ngokushesha uma kukhona okungavamile.
- Ukuqedwa. Uma ibhethri lifinyelela esimweni esiqondisiwe sokushajwa, noma umsebenzisi amisa iseshini, i-EVSE ikhipha amandla kusekhethi futhi ivule isixhumi.
Iziteshi zesimanje ezinenethiwekhi zengeza isinyathelo sesihlanu: ukuxhumana nenkundla ye-backend kusetshenziswa izivumelwano ezivulekile ezifana ne-OCPP, evumela ukukhokha, ukuphatha okukude, ukulawula ukulayisha kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-smartphone.
Amandla okushaja ngokuvamile achazwa ngamaleveli amathathu:
- Ileveli 1 — izitolo ezijwayelekile ezingu-120 V AC, ngokuvamile ezingu-1.2–1.9 kW; ilungele ukushaja indawo yokuhlala ubusuku bonke.
- Izinga 2 - 208/240 V AC, kusukela cishe ku-3.7 kW kuya ku-19.2 kW; ikilasi elivame kakhulu lamakhaya, izindawo zokusebenza kanye nezindawo zokupaka zomphakathi, ezinamayunithi ajwayelekile akalwe ku-7 kW, 11 kW noma 22 kW.
- Ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC - iziteshi ze-DC ezinamandla amakhulu kusukela ku-50 kW kuya ku-350 kW, ezisetshenziselwa izindawo zokushaja zomphakathi kanye nemigudu yomgwaqo onguthelawayeka.
Izinhlobo zeziteshi zokushaja ze-EVSE
Iziteshi zokushaja ze-EVSE ziza ngezindlela eziningi, ngasinye sakhelwe umsebenzi ohlukile:
- Amabhokisi odonga okuhlala — amayunithi e-AC ahlangene (imvamisa engu-7–22 kW) afakwe emagaraji noma ezindongeni zangaphandle ukuze ashaje ekhaya.
- Iziteshi zezentengiselwano nezomphakathi - Izisekelo ze-AC kanye namayunithi odonga ezindaweni zokupaka, izindawo zokuthenga nezindawo zokusebenza, ngokuvamile kunethiwekhi ukuze kukhokhelwe nokuphathwa.
- Iziteshi zokushaja okusheshayo ze-DC — Amashaja e-DC azimele noma amasistimu ahlanganisiwe, njengekhabethe elilungisa amandla aphezulu eliphakela amatheminali amaningi okushaja e-DC, asetshenziswa eziteshini zesevisi nasezindaweni zokugcina izimoto.
- Amasistimu wokushaja ama-Fleet - kudidiyelwe ukufakwa kwamaphoyinti amaningi ngokuphathwa komthwalo ukushaja izimoto eziningi ngobusuku noma phakathi kwamashifu.
Izixhumi nazo ziyahlukahluka ngesifunda: Uhlobo 1 (SAE J1772) kanye ne-CCS zivamile eNyakatho Melika, Uhlobo 2 ne-CCS eYurophu, i-CHAdeMO eJapane, i-GB/T e-China, kanye ne-NACS iya ngokuya yamukelwa eNyakatho Melika yonkana. Abathengi kufanele bahlale befanisa isiteshi nesixhumi nezimoto nesifunda abasihlinzekayo.
Amazinga Nezitifiketi Ezibalulekile
Isiteshi sokushaja se-EVSE sekhwalithi sichazwa ngamazinga esihlangabezana nawo:
- Isigaba 625 se-NEC — Izidingo Zekhodi Kagesi Kazwelonke Yase-US zokufaka okokusebenza kwezimoto zikagesi, ukumboza izintambo, ukuvikelwa, izindlela zokunqamula nokumaka.
- I-SAE J1772 — indinganiso yaseNyakatho Melika ye-coupler charger eqhubayo kanye nokulawula ukuxhumana komshayeli phakathi kwemoto ne-EVSE.
- Izindinganiso zokuphepha ze-UL - isitifiketi sokuphepha esizimele semishini yokushaja ye-EV eNyakatho Melika.
- Uchungechunge lwe-IEC 61851 — izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe zezinhlelo zokushaja zemoto kagesi: Ingxenye 1 ihlanganisa izimfuneko ezivamile, Ingxenye 23 ihlanganisa iziteshi zokushaja ze-DC, futhi Ingxenye 24 ihlanganisa ukuxhumana kwedijithali kokushaja kwe-DC.
- Izitifiketi zekhwalithi zikazwelonke kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha ze-ISO - izitifiketi zezinga lomkhiqizi ezibonisa ukwakheka okungaguquguquki, ukukhiqiza kanye nezinqubo zokulawula ikhwalithi.
Lezi zindinganiso zikhona ngesizathu. Izinto zokushaja zithwala amaza aphezulu, zisebenza ngaphandle emvuleni nasekushiseni, futhi zihlala ezindaweni zomphakathi. Izinto zokusebenza eziqinisekisiwe zivikela abasebenzisi ekushayweni kukagesi nasemlilweni, zanelisa iziphathimandla ezivumelayo nabadayisi bomshwalense, futhi inikeza imibhalo edingekayo yoxhumo lwegridi nezinhlelo zosizo.
Ongakubheka Kumhlinzeki Wesiteshi sokushaja se-EVSE
Lapho uhlola umphakeli wephrojekthi yakho yokushaja i-EV, hlola ngaphezu kwentengo ngeyunithi ngayinye:
- Ibanga lomkhiqizo. Bangakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngamayunithi e-AC, ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC nokusekela izinto zikagesi ezivela emthonjeni owodwa?
- Izitifiketi. Ingabe imikhiqizo yabo iphethe isitifiketi sekhwalithi kazwelonke, isitifiketi se-IEC kanye nesitifiketi sohlelo lokuphatha lwe-ISO?
- Izilinganiso zamandla nokucushwa. Ingabe amazinga amandla (7 kW, 22 kW, amandla aphezulu DC) ayahambelana nezimoto zakho kanye nekesi yokusebenzisa?
- Inethiwekhi namandla okuphatha. Ingabe okokusebenza kusekela amaphrothokholi avulekile afana ne-OCPP nokuphathwa okusekelwe kuhlelo lokusebenza?
- Ukusekelwa kobunjiniyela nokufaka. Ingabe umphakeli angakwazi ukuletha idizayini, ukukhiqiza, ukufakwa kanye nezinsizakalo zokusebenzisa nokunakekela njengephakheji eliphelele?
- Irekhodi lethrekhi elifakazelwe. Ingabe imikhiqizo yabo isetshenziswe kugridi yangempela, ujantshi, izimayini kanye namaphrojekthi aphesheya?
I-Dingsheng: Izisetshenziswa Zokushaja ze-EV ezivela Kumkhiqizi Oqinisekisiwe
I-Shandong Dingsheng Electrical Equipment Co., Ltd. iyibhizinisi likazwelonke lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kanye nebhizinisi elisezingeni likazwelonke elithi "Little Giant" eligxile ku-R&D kanye nokukhiqizwa kwama-switchgear aphezulu naphansi, inqwaba yokushaja i-EV kanye nemishini yokugcina amandla. Le nkampani inefekthri engamamitha-skwele angu-20,000 enabasebenzi abangu-220, futhi ulayini wayo womkhiqizo uhlanganisa izinqwaba zokushaja ezingu-7 kW no-22 kW AC, izixazululo zokushaja ze-DC ezinamandla angu-360/480 kW, kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla - uhla olugcwele olusekela inkampani eyodwa yokushaja.
Amandla obuchwepheshe ka-Dingsheng abhalwe phansi kunokuba afunwe: amalungelo obunikazi okusungulwa kwe-16, amalungelo obunikazi angama-38 angamamodeli wensizakalo kanye namalungelo okushicilela ayi-12 esoftware, asekelwa izinkundla eziyisishiyagalolunye ze-R&D zikamasipala. Yonke imikhiqizo isiphumelele isitifiketi sekhwalithi kazwelonke, isitifiketi esijwayelekile samazwe ngamazwe se-IEC kanye nesitifiketi sohlelo lokuphatha lwe-ISO, futhi inkampani ineSifundo Sebanga lesi-II seNkontileka Okujwayelekile Yokwakhiwa Kwamandla Kagesi. Izixazululo zayo zisetshenziswe kumaphrojekthi afana ne-State Grid, i-Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-aid-Africa, okuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, e-Afrika nakwezinye izifunda, futhi inkampani inikeza insizakalo egcwele ehlanganisa ukuklama kwephrojekthi, ukukhiqiza, ukufakwa okudidiyelwe nokusebenza kobuchwepheshe nokugcinwa kokunakekelwa.
Isiphetho
I-EVSE imele i-Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment — okokusebenza okuhlakaniphile, okuphephile okuxhumanisa imoto kagesi nokuphakelwa kukagesi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usibiza ngokuthi isiteshi sokushaja, i-wallbox noma inqwaba yokushaja, ukukhetha isiteshi sokushaja esilungile se-EVSE kwehlela ezingeni lamandla, ukuhambisana kwesixhumi, ukuthobela izindinganiso kanye nokwethembeka komkhiqizi osemva kwaso.
Uma uhlela iphrojekthi yekhaya, ezohwebo noma yemikhumbi ye-EV futhi udinga inqwaba yokushaja eqinisekisiwe, amasistimu wokushaja okusheshayo e-DC noma izinto zikagesi ezisekelayo, ithimba lethu lingasiza. Xhumana ne-Dingsheng Electric ukuze uxoxe ngezidingo zakho —
xhumana nathi ngokukhetha umkhiqizo kanye nokubonisana nephrojekthi.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Imele ini i-EVSE?
I-EVSE imele i-Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment - okokusebenza okudlulisa ugesi ngokuphephile usuka kumandla wesakhiwo ukuya emotweni kagesi.
Ingabe i-EVSE iyafana nesiteshi sokushaja?
Yebo. “Isiteshi sokushaja se-EV”, “indawo yokushaja”, “ibhokisi lodonga” kanye “nenqwaba yokushaja” wonke amagama avamile esigaba esifanayo semishini ebizwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi i-EVSE.
Ingabe i-EVSE iyishaja?
Ngokushaja kwe-AC, cha - ishaja yangempela ye-AC-to-DC yakhelwe emotweni, futhi i-EVSE iletha amandla e-AC aphephile kuyo. Ngokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC, ishaja enamandla amakhulu yakhelwe esiteshini sokushaja ngokwaso.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-AC ne-DC EVSE?
I-AC EVSE inikezela ngebhethri eshintshashintshayo eshajani engaphakathi kwemoto, futhi ijwayele ukushajwa ekhaya nasemsebenzini ngo-7–22 kW. I-DC EVSE iqukethe ishaja yayo enamandla amakhulu futhi iphakela i-DC ngqo ebhethrini, okuvumela ukushaja okushesha kakhulu okungu-50 kW nangaphezulu.
Yiziphi izindinganiso okufanele i-EVSE ihlangabezane nazo?
Izinkomba ezibalulekile zifaka i-Nec Article 625 kanye ne-SAE J1772 eNyakatho Melika, isitifiketi sokuphepha se-UL, nochungechunge lwe-IEC 61851 emhlabeni jikelele, kanye nesitifiketi sekhwalithi kazwelonke kanye nesitifiketi sohlelo lokuphatha le-ISO esivela kumkhiqizi.
