I-EVSE imele Izixhobo zoBonelelo lweZithuthi zoMbane. Ukuba ukhe wathengela i-wallbox yasekhaya, wacwangcisa iprojekthi yokutshaja emsebenzini, okanye wenze uphando ngeziseko zoncedo zemoto yombane, uphantse wayibona le akhronimi - rhoqo kwiindawo apho abantu babhala ngokulula "itshaja ye-EV" okanye "isikhululo sokutshaja."
Ukuqonda ukuba i-EVSE ithetha ukuthini ngokwenene kubaluleke ngaphezu kokuba ivakala. Iyatshintsha indlela ovavanya ngayo izixhobo, indlela oceba ngayo ukufakela, kunye nendlela okuphepha ngayo ukuthenga imveliso engalunganga ye-EV yakho, isakhiwo sakho kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwakho. Esi sikhokelo sichaza intsingiselo ye-EVSE, indlela isikhululo sokushaja i-EVSE sisebenza ngayo, umahluko phakathi kweenkqubo ze-AC kunye ne-DC, kunye nemigangatho eyahlula izixhobo ezisemgangathweni kwezinye.
I-EVSE intsingiselo: Isixhobo sokuBonelela ngeSithuthi soMbane
Izixhobo zokubonelela ngeenqwelo zombane (EVSE) lixesha elisemthethweni lesixhobo esihambisa ngokukhuselekileyo amandla ombane ukusuka kumbane wesakhiwo ukuya kwisithuthi sombane. EUnited States, iKhowudi yeSizwe yoMbane (NEC) ichaza i-EVSE kwiSiqendu 625 njengezixhobo kunye nezixhobo - kubandakanywa neyunithi yokutshaja, i-wiring, iindlela zokuqhawula kunye nezixhumi - ezifunekayo ukudlulisa amandla ukusuka kwi-wiring yendawo ukuya kwisithuthi sombane.
Kulwimi lwemihla ngemihla, isixhobo esifanayo sibizwa ngokuba zizinto ezininzi: Isikhululo sokutshaja i-EV, indawo yokutshaja, i-wallbox, imfumba yokutshaja okanye i-EV tshaja. Igama elithi "inqwaba yokutshaja" lixhaphakile e-China kunye neemarike ezininzi ezithumela ngaphandle, ngelixa "isikhululo sokutshaja" kunye ne "wallbox" silawula eMntla Melika naseYurophu. Naluphi na igama, umsebenzi uyafana: ukudibanisa isithuthi ngokukhuselekileyo kwigridi, ukulawula ukuhamba kombane, nokukhusela abantu, ipropati kunye nesithuthi ngokwawo.
Umahluko oPhambili: i-EVSE ayiyoTshaja
Oku kokona kungaqondani kuxhaphakileyo kushishino. Ukutshaja kwe-AC, i-EVSE ayiyiyo itshaja - eyona tshaja ihlala ngaphakathi kwisithuthi.
Nantsi indlela esebenza ngayo. Imoto yombane iqulethe Itshaja ekwibhodi, isixhobo esiguqula i-alternating current (AC) ukusuka kunikezelo lwesakhiwo ukuya kumbane othe ngqo (DC) ukuhlawula ibhetri. Isikhululo sokutshaja i-AC sasekhaya okanye emsebenzini sisixhobo sokutshaja samandla esikrelekrele, esikhuselweyo: sibonelela ngombane we-AC kwisithuthi, sinxibelelana nayo ngomqondiso wolawulo, kwaye simisa okanye siqalise ukuhamba ngokukhuselekileyo. Ukuguqulwa kwi-DC kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwimoto.
Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC kwahlukile. Kwinkqubo yokutshaja ye-DC, i-EVSE iqulethe itshaja ephezulu yamandla ngokwayo, iguqula i-AC ibe yi-DC kunye nokondla amandla e-DC ngokuthe ngqo kwibhetri, idlula ishaja ekwibhodi. Yiloo nto izikhululo ze-DC zihlawulisa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu - kwaye kutheni zibiza kakhulu kwaye zifuna iziseko zombane ezingaphezulu.
Xa uplaga i-EV kwisikhululo sokutshaja se-EVSE, ulandelelwano olufutshane luqhuba ngokuzenzekelayo:
- Uqhagamshelwano kunye nokuxhawula izandla. Umdibaniso uvalela kwisithuthi, kunye ne-EVSE kunye nokutshintshiselana kwezithuthi umqondiso wokulawula umqhubi (ochazwe yimigangatho efana ne-SAE J1772) ukuqinisekisa ukuba uxhulumaniso lukhuselekile kwaye isithuthi silungele ukwamkela amandla.
- Iyanika amandla. I-EVSE ivala umnxibelelanisi wayo kwaye iqala ukuhambisa amandla kwinqanaba lothethathethwano.
- Ukubeka iliso. Inkqubo ngokuqhubekayo ibeka iliso ngoku, i-voltage, ubushushu kunye nokuthembeka komhlaba, kwaye ivale ngokukhawuleza ukuba kukho into engaqhelekanga.
- Ukugqitywa. Xa ibhetri ifikelela kwimeko ekujoliswe kuyo, okanye umsebenzisi uyeka iseshoni, i-EVSE ikhupha amandla kwisiphaluka kwaye ivule umdibaniso.
Izikhululo zenethiwekhi zanamhlanje zongeza inyathelo lesihlanu: ukunxibelelana neqonga lokubuyela umva usebenzisa iiprothokholi ezivulekileyo ezifana ne-OCPP, eyenza ukuhlawula, ulawulo olukude, ulawulo lomthwalo kunye neeapps ze-smartphone.
Amandla okutshaja adla ngokuchazwa kumanqanaba amathathu:
- Inqanaba loku-1 - umgangatho we-120 V AC outlets, ngokuqhelekileyo 1.2-1.9 kW; ilungele ukutshaja indawo yokuhlala ubusuku bonke.
- Inqanaba lesi-2 — 208/240 V AC, ukusuka malunga ne-3.7 kW ukuya kwi-19.2 kW; elona klasi lixhaphakileyo kumakhaya, iindawo zokusebenza kunye neendawo zokupaka zikawonke-wonke, ezineeyunithi eziqhelekileyo ezibekwe ku-7 kW, 11 kW okanye 22 kW.
- Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC - izikhululo ze-DC ezinamandla ukusuka kuqikelelo lwe-50 kW ukuya kuma-350 kW, ezisetyenziselwa iindawo zokutshaja zoluntu kunye neepaseji zendlela.
Iintlobo zeZitishi zokuTjaja ze-EVSE
Izikhululo zokutshaja ze-EVSE ziza ngeendlela ezininzi, nganye ilungiselelwe umsebenzi owahlukileyo:
- Iibhokisi zodonga zokuhlala - iiyunithi ze-AC ezihlangeneyo (ngokuqhelekileyo i-7-22 kW) zifakwe kwiigaraji okanye kwiindonga zangaphandle zokutshaja ekhaya.
- Izikhululo zorhwebo nezoluntu - Iziseko ze-AC kunye neeyunithi zodonga kwiindawo zokupaka, amaziko okuthenga kunye neendawo zokusebenza, zihlala zithungelwa intlawulo kunye nolawulo.
- izikhululo zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC — iitshaja zeDC ezizimeleyo okanye iinkqubo ezidityanisiweyo, ezifana nekhabhathi yokuhlaziya amandla aphezulu etyisa iitheminali zokutshaja ezininzi zeDC, ezisetyenziswa kwizikhululo zenkonzo nakwiidepho zezithuthi.
- Iinkqubo zokutshaja iiflethi -Ufakelo olulungelelanisiweyo lwamanqaku amaninzi kunye nolawulo lomthwalo ukuhlawulisa izithuthi ezininzi ngobusuku okanye phakathi kweeshifti.
Izixhumi zikwahluka ngommandla: Uhlobo lwe-1 (i-SAE J1772) kunye ne-CCS zixhaphake eMntla Melika, Uhlobo lwe-2 kunye ne-CCS eYurophu, i-CHAdeMO eJapan, i-GB / T e-China, kunye ne-NACS isanda kwamkelwa kulo lonke elaseNyakatho Melika. Abathengi kufuneka bahlale bethelekisa isikhululo kunye nesinxibelelanisi kwizithuthi kunye nommandla abawusebenzelayo.
Imigangatho kunye neziQinisekiso eziBalulekileyo
Isikhululo sokutshaja se-EVSE esisemgangathweni sichazwa ngokwemigangatho esidibana nayo:
- ISiqendu 625 se-NEC — Iimfuno zeKhowudi yoMbane yeSizwe yase-US yokufakela izixhobo zokubonelela ngesithuthi sombane, ukuvala iingcingo, ukukhuselwa, iindlela zokuqhawula kunye nokumakisha.
- I-SAE J1772 - umgangatho waseMntla waseMelika we-coupler ye-conductive charger kunye nokulawula umqhubi wonxibelelwano phakathi kwesithuthi kunye ne-EVSE.
- Imigangatho yokhuseleko ye-UL - isatifikethi sokhuseleko esizimeleyo kwi-EV yokutshaja izixhobo eNyakatho Melika.
- IEC 61851 uluhlu — imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe yeenkqubo zokutshaja isithuthi sombane: Icandelo loku-1 libandakanya iimfuno jikelele, iCandelo lama-23 libandakanya izikhululo zokutshaja ze-DC, kwaye iCandelo lama-24 libandakanya unxibelelwano lwedijithali lokutshaja kwe-DC.
- Isiqinisekiso somgangatho wesizwe kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lwe-ISO - iziqinisekiso zenqanaba lomenzi ezibonisa uyilo oluhambelanayo, ukuveliswa kunye neenkqubo zokulawula umgangatho.
Le migangatho ikhona ngesizathu. Izixhobo zokutshaja zithwala imisinga ephezulu, zisebenza ngaphandle emvuleni nakubushushu, kwaye zihlala kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke. Izixhobo eziqinisekisiweyo zikhusela abasebenzisi kumothuko wombane kunye nomlilo, zanelisa amagunya avumayo kunye nabakhuseli, kwaye zibonelela ngamaxwebhu afunekayo kuqhagamshelo lwegridi kunye neenkqubo zenkxaso.
Yintoni omawuyijonge kwiSikhululo sokuTyala se-EVSE
Xa uvavanya umboneleli ngeprojekthi yakho yokutshaja i-EV, jonga ngaphezulu kwexabiso ngeyunithi nganye:
- Uluhlu lwemveliso. Ngaba banokubonelela ngeeyunithi ze-AC, ukutshaja kwe-DC ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuxhasa izixhobo zombane ukusuka kumthombo omnye?
- Iziqinisekiso. Ngaba iimveliso zabo zithwala isiqinisekiso somgangatho wesizwe, isiqinisekiso se-IEC kunye nesatifikethi senkqubo yolawulo ye-ISO?
- Amandla okulinganisa kunye noqwalaselo. Ngaba amanqanaba ombane (7 kW, 22 kW, amandla aphezulu e-DC) ahambelana nesithuthi sakho kunye nemeko yokusetyenziswa?
- Uthungelwano kunye namandla olawulo. Ngaba isixhobo sixhasa iiprothokholi ezivulekileyo ezifana ne-OCPP kunye nolawulo olusekwe kusetyenziso?
- Ubunjineli kunye nenkxaso yofakelo. Ngaba umniki-nkonzo unokuzisa uyilo, ukuvelisa, ukufakela kunye nokusebenza-kunye-nokugcinwa kweenkonzo njengephakheji epheleleyo?
- Irekhodi yomkhondo eqinisekisiweyo. Ngaba iimveliso zabo zisetyenziswe kwigridi yokwenyani, uloliwe, imigodi kunye neeprojekthi zamazwe ngamazwe?
I-Dingsheng: Isixhobo sokuTjaja i-EV esivela kuMvelisi oQinisekisiweyo
I-Shandong Dingsheng Electrical Equipment Co., Ltd. lishishini lesizwe lobugcisa obuphezulu kunye nenqanaba lesizwe elithi "I-Little Giant" yeshishini elikhethekileyo kwi-R&D kunye nokuveliswa kwesixhobo sokutshintsha amandla ombane aphezulu naphantsi, iimfumba zokutshaja i-EV kunye nezixhobo zokugcina amandla. Inkampani isebenza kwi-20,000-square-meter factory enabasebenzi be-220, kwaye umgca wayo wemveliso uquka i-7 kW kunye ne-22 kW AC yokutshaja iimfumba, izisombululo zokutshaja eziphezulu ze-DC ezifana ne-360 / 480 kW iqela lokutshaja iikhabhathi zokulungisa, kunye neenkqubo zokugcina amandla - uluhlu olupheleleyo oluxhasa i-single suppliging project.
Amandla obugcisa ka-Dingsheng abhalwe kumaxwebhu kunokuba afakwe ibango: i-16 patents, iimodeli ezisebenzayo ezingama-38 kunye ne-12 copyrights zesoftware, ezixhaswa ngamaqonga alithoba e-R&D kamasipala. Zonke iimveliso ziphumelele isiqinisekiso somgangatho wesizwe, isatifikethi se-IEC somgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe kunye nesatifikethi solawulo lwenkqubo ye-ISO, kwaye inkampani ibambe iBanga lesi-II leKhontrakthi Jikelele yoLwakhiwo lobuNjineli boMbane. Izisombululo zayo zisetyenziswe kwiiprojekthi ezifana ne-State Grid, i-Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway kunye nolwakhiwo lwe-Aid-Afrika, kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia, e-Afrika nakweminye imimandla, kwaye inkampani ibonelela ngenkonzo epheleleyo yenkonzo egubungela uyilo lweprojekthi, ukuveliswa, ukufakela okudibeneyo kunye nokusebenza kobugcisa kunye nokugcinwa.
Ukuqukumbela
I-EVSE imele isiXhobo soMbane weSithuthi soMbane - izixhobo ezihlakaniphile, ezikhuselekileyo ezidibanisa isithuthi sombane kunikezelo lombane. Ingaba ubiza isikhululo sokutshaja, i-wallbox okanye inqwaba yokutshaja, ukukhetha isikhululo sokutshaja se-EVSE esifanelekileyo sihla kwinqanaba lamandla, ukuhambelana kwekhonkco, ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho kunye nokuthembeka komenzi emva kwayo.
Ukuba uceba iprojekthi yokutshaja ye-EV yekhaya, yorhwebo okanye yeemoto kwaye ufuna iimfumba zokutshaja eziqinisekisiweyo, iinkqubo zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza ze-DC okanye izixhobo zombane ezixhasayo, iqela lethu linokunceda. Qhagamshelana neDingsheng Electric ukuxoxa ngeemfuno zakho —
qhagamshelana nathi ekukhethweni kwemveliso kunye nothethwano lweprojekthi.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo
Imele ntoni i-EVSE?
I-EVSE imele isiXhobo soMbane woMbane - izixhobo ezihambisa umbane ngokukhuselekileyo ukusuka kumbane wesakhiwo ukuya kwisithuthi sombane.
Ngaba i-EVSE iyafana nesikhululo sokutshaja?
Ewe. "Isikhululo sokutshaja i-EV", "indawo yokutshaja", "ibhokisi yodonga" kunye "nemfumba yokutshaja" onke amagama aqhelekileyo odidi olufanayo lwezixhobo ezibizwa ngokusemthethweni nge-EVSE.
Ngaba i-EVSE yitshaja?
Ukutshaja kwe-AC, akukho - ishaja ye-AC-to-DC yangempela yakhiwe kwisithuthi, kwaye i-EVSE ihambisa amandla akhuselekileyo e-AC kuyo. Kwi-DC yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, itshaja yamandla aphezulu yakhiwe kwisikhululo sokutshaja ngokwayo.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-AC kunye ne-DC EVSE?
I-AC EVSE ibonelela ngokutshintshana ngoku kwitshaja yesithuthi, kwaye iqhelekile ukutshaja ekhaya nasemsebenzini nge-7–22 kW. I-DC EVSE iqulethe itshaja yayo ephezulu yamandla kwaye yondla i-DC ngokuthe ngqo kwibhetri, ivumela ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-50 kW nangaphezulu.
Yeyiphi imigangatho ekufuneka i-EVSE ihlangabezane nayo?
Iimbekiselo eziphambili ziquka iNqaku le-NEC ye-625 kunye ne-SAE J1772 eMntla Melika, isiqinisekiso sokhuseleko se-UL, kunye nochungechunge lwe-IEC 61851 kumazwe ngamazwe, kunye nesiqinisekiso somgangatho wesizwe kunye nesiqinisekiso solawulo lwe-ISO esivela kumvelisi.
