Isikhululo sokuTjaja se-AC vs DC: Yeyiphi Efanele iProjekthi Yakho?

Khetha ukutshaja kwe-AC xa izithuthi zihlala zipakishwe ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo ukuze iitshaja zazo zikwazi ukuzisa amandla emihla ngemihla afunekayo. Khetha ukutshaja kwe-DC xa ixesha lokuhlala elifutshane okanye ukuhamba kwemoto ephezulu kwenza ugqithiso lwamandla olukhawulezayo luyimfuneko. Amandla etshaja alinganisiweyo yinxalenye yesigqibo. Imida yokwamkela isithuthi, umthamo wegridi, imfuno yokutshaja ngexesha lemini, umgangatho wokudibanisa, imisebenzi yoluntu, ulawulo lomthwalo kunye noxanduva lwenkonzo lumisela ukuba isikhululo sokutshaja i-AC okanye i-DC siya kwenza njengoko kulindelekile.

Indawo yokusebenzela eneemoto zabasebenzi ezipakwe iiyure ezisibhozo zinokusebenza iindawo ezininzi ngoqoqosho ngezixhobo ze-AC. Indawo yokumisa uhola wendlela, indawo yokujika iiteksi okanye indawo yolungiselelo lolungiselelo inokuphulukana nexabiso lokusebenza ukuba isithuthi ngasinye sihlala ethekwini iiyure ezininzi. Uthelekiso olufanelekileyo ke ngoko luqala ngezithuthi kunye nokuziphatha kokupaka, emva koko lusebenze ngasemva kwinkqubo yombane.

Umahluko woMbane utshintsha uMda weProjekthi

Isikhululo sokutshaja se-AC sibonelela ngokutshintshana komsinga kwisithuthi. Ukuguqulwa kwi-DC ehambelana nebhetri kwenzeka kwishaja ye-onboard yesithuthi, ngoko ke isithuthi sibeka isilingi esinzima kwi-AC yokutshaja amandla. Ukuqhagamshela imoto eyamkela i-7 kW AC kwitshaja ye-AC engama-22 kW akuyenzi ukuba imoto itsale ama-22 kW.

Isikhululo se-DC senza uguqulo oluphambili lwe-AC-to-DC ngaphandle kwesithuthi kwaye lunikeze amandla alawulwayo e-DC ngokusebenzisa i-interface ehambelanayo yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza. Olo lwakhiwo luxhasa amaxabiso aphezulu okutshaja, kodwa yongeza iimodyuli zamandla, ulawulo lwe-thermal, unxibelelwano, inkqubo yekhebula enzima kunye nomthwalo omkhulu wombane onyukayo. Ubushushu bebhetri yemoto, imeko yentlawulo kunye neqhinga lolawulo lwebhetri usenokunciphisa amandla amkelwe ngexesha leseshoni.

I-IEC 61851-1 ibandakanya iimfuno ngokubanzi zezixhobo zokubonelela nge-EV, ngelixa i-IEC 61851-23 idilesi kwi-DC EV izixhobo zokubonelela. Ijometri yesiqhagamshelo kunye neprothokholi yokutshaja yimibuzo eyahlukileyo yokuhambelana. Imarike yendawo ekusingwa kuyo, izithuthi kunye neemfuno zemvume yasekhaya kufuneka ziqinisekiswe phambi kokuba umgangatho wemveliso okanye usapho oluqhagamshelweyo lube ngumkhenkce.

Sebenzisa iXesha lokuHlala kunye neMfuno yaMandla njengeSihluzo sokuQala

Ubude bexesha lokupaka yeyona ndawo iluncedo yokuqala kunegama elithi “ukukhawuleza.” Qinisekisa ukuba isithuthi ngasinye sidinga amandla angakanani phambi kokuba sihambe kwaye wahlule loo mfuno ngefestile yokutshaja eyinyani. Emva koko uphendule umda wokutshaja kwesithuthi, ilahleko yokuguqulwa, ukwabelana kwamandla kunye nayiphi na i-cap yemfuno yesayithi.

Imoto efuna i-28 kWh ngexesha lokuhlala kweeyure ezisibhozo kwindawo yokusebenza ifuna kuphela i-3.5 kW ngokomndilili phambi kwelahleko. Amandla afanayo anikezelweyo ngexesha lokumisa kwemizuzu engama-30 abiza malunga nama-56 kW phambi kwelahleko kunye netaper yokutshaja. Ezo ziiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo zeziseko zophuhliso nangona isithuthi sifumana amandla afanayo.

Ishedyuli yezithuthi ibalulekile nje ngomndilili. Izithuthi ezingamashumi amabini zasebusuku zinokulandelelwa ngenkqubo ye-AC elawulwayo ukuba ukuphuma kuyaziwa. Izithuthi ezintlanu ezifika kunye ngexesha lekhefu elifutshane zinokudala imfuno egxile kwi-DC. Idatha yokufika, imo yokuqala yentlawulo kunye nemo yokuphuma efunekayo kufuneka ke ngoko imodareyithwe ngokwesithuba sexesha kunokuba ishwankathelwe njengetotali ye-kWh yosuku.

Kutheni amandla alinganisiweyo engalingani isantya sokutshaja

Izinga lokutshaja langempela lilawulwa ngumda ophantsi osebenzayo kwikhonkco: amandla esayithi akhoyo, ukuphuma kweshaja, ikhebula kunye nekhono lokudibanisa, i-hardware yokutshaja isithuthi, imiyalelo yokulawula ibhetri kunye nolawulo oluhambelana nobushushu. Imodeli yeprojekthi esekelwe kuphela kwi-nameplate yesikhululo iya kuchaza ngaphezulu kwe-throughput nanini na enye yezo zithintelo isezantsi.

Ukutshaja kwe-AC, itshaja yemoto ekwibhodi ihlala ingumda oqinisekileyo. Dingsheng’s 22 kW AC imfumba yokutshaja zidweliswe ngegalelo lesigaba sesithathu, ukufakwa kwekholamu okanye udonga kunye neenketho zonxibelelwano lweengcingo. Ezo nkcukacha zemveliso ziseka ireferensi yesixhobo; ababonisi ukuba isithuthi ngasinye siya kutshaja ngama-22 kW okanye isixokelelwano sombane wendawo ekusingwa kuyo sisebenzisa amandla ombane afanayo, isiqhagamshelanisi kunye nesiseko sokuvunywa.

Ukutshaja kwe-DC kwazisa umda owahlukileyo. Isikhululo sinokuba nomlinganiselo ophezulu we-aggregate, kodwa isithuthi sinokucela amandla amancinci njengoko ibhetri yaso ifudumala, ipholisa okanye isondela kwimo ephezulu yentlawulo. Ngezixhobo zokudibanisa ezininzi, ingqiqo yolwabiwo nayo ibalulekile. "Imipu emibini" ayithethi ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba zombini izihlanganisi zihambisa umlinganiselo opheleleyo wekhabhinethi ngexesha elinye. Ikowuteshini kufuneka ichaze amandla ekhabhinethi ewonke, imida yesiqhagamshelo ngasinye kunye nokuziphatha kokwabelana phantsi kokusetyenziswa ngaxeshanye.

Umthamo wegridi kunye nokuSetyenziswa kufuneka kuvavanywe kunye

Ukufakela amandla eplate yegama elingaphezulu kunokuba isiza sinokubonelela kukhokelela ekunciphiseni, umsebenzi wegridi obiza imali eninzi okanye iincopho zemfuno ezijongela phantsi imeko yokusebenza. Kodwa ukuyila uqhagamshelo lwesixa setshaja nganye xa iphuma ngokupheleleyo nako kusenokungabikho mfuneko ukuba izithuthi kunye neshedyuli yokuhlala ivumela ukutshaja okulawulwayo.

Kwiisayithi ze-AC, ulawulo lomthwalo oguqukayo lunokwaba umthamo wesiza esisisigxina kuwo wonke amazibuko amaninzi. Oku kuhlala kuthanda iindawo zokusebenza, iihotele, indawo yokupaka izithuthi kunye neenqwelomoya zokulala, apho ukutshaja kunokutshintshwa ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ukulungela ukuhamba. Uphononongo lobunjineli lusafuna umthamo wenguqu, umlinganiselo wesixhobo sokutshintsha, iindlela ezixhasayo, ukuhla kwamandla ombane, ukufakwa komhlaba, ukhuseleko kunye neyona mfuno iphezulu yoncedo.

Iziza ze-DC zigxininisa amandla amaninzi kwiindawo ezimbalwa. Oko kunokuphucula i-throughput, kodwa iphakamisa ukubaluleka kwe-transformer kunye ne-switchgear umthamo, inqanaba lesiphoso, ulawulo lwebango, ukupholisa, umzila wentambo kunye nemiqobo yokusetyenziswa. Apho uqhagamshelo lwegridi lunqongopheleyo, ukukhutshwa ngezigaba okanye ugcino lwamandla lunokusebenza ngakumbi kunokucingela uhlaziyo olukhawulezileyo lwenkonzo. Nayiphi na inkqubo enjalo yenkxaso kufuneka imodareyithwe ngokuchasene nepateni yokufika yetshaja kunokuba yongezwe njengesixhobo sokuncedisana safana nalawo aqhelekileyo.

I isikhululo sokutshaja uluhlu lwemveliso ibonelela ngezixhobo ze-AC kunye nezixhobo ze-DC zokujonga kwangethuba. Ukwakhiwa kwendawo kufuneka kulungiswe kuphela emva kokuba isifundo sombane kunye nemodeli yokusetyenziswa kwesithuthi sivumelana ngenani lamachweba, amandla ahambelanayo kunye nesiphumo seseshoni esifunekayo.

Isiqhagamsheli, iProtokholi kunye neSoftware Compatibility zizigqibo ezahlukeneyo

Itshaja inokuba nomlinganiselo ochanekileyo wamandla kwaye isenokungazifanelanga izithuthi. Qinisekisa isinxibelelanisi esibonakalayo, indawo yokungena yesithuthi, imo yokutshaja, iprothokholi yonxibelelwano kunye neemfuno ezithe ngqo kwimarike. Kwiinqwelo ezixubeneyo, sebenzisa i-matrix yesithuthi echonga imodeli nganye yokwamkelwa kwe-AC, ukwamkelwa kwe-DC, uluhlu lombane kunye nesinxibelelanisi.

Ukudityaniswa kwe-ofisi ngasemva ifanelwe ngumda wayo. Ukuqinisekiswa, intlawulo, ukufikelela komsebenzisi, ukubeka esweni kude, ulawulo lweerhafu, ukutshaja ngobuchule, ii-alam ezinempazamo kunye nobunini bedatha bunokusingathwa ngamaqonga ahlukeneyo. I-Ethernet okanye uqhagamshelwano lweselula kuphela umaleko wezothutho; ayibonakalisi ukuhambelana nenkqubo yolawulo ekhethwa ngumqhubi.

Cela uluhlu lweprotocol, isoftware-uxanduva lwematrix kunye nesicwangciso sokubonisa. Umthengisi kufuneka achonge ilayisensi, i-SIM okanye ukuxhomekeka kwenethiwekhi, ukufikelela kwinkonzo ekude, ukugcinwa kwedatha, uxanduva lokhuseleko lwe-cybersecurity kunye nokuba yintoni ehlala isebenza ukuba unxibelelwano kwi-backend lulahlekile. Ezi nkcukacha zinefuthe elithe ngqo ekugunyazisweni nasekufumanekeni kwesikhululo.

Thelekisa uBume beNkonzo obuFakelweyo, hayi ixabiso lokuThenga iTshaja

Izixhobo ze-AC ngokuqhelekileyo zibeka i-hardware yoguqulo encinci kwindawo nganye yokutshaja, ngelixa izixhobo ze-DC zizisa amandla amakhulu ombane kwisikhululo. Loo mahluko uchaphazela ngaphezu kwexabiso lokuthenga. Uthelekiso olufakelweyo kufuneka lubandakanye i-transformer okanye ukuphuculwa kwenkonzo, i-switchgear, i-cabling, i-trenching, iziseko, izixhobo zokukhusela, unxibelelwano, isofthiwe, ukugunyaziswa, ii-spare parts kunye nokufikelela kwisondlo.

Ukusetyenziswa kutshintsha uqoqosho. Itshaja yeDC esetyenziswa kancinci inokuthwala iindleko eziphezulu zeziseko zophuhliso ngaphandle kokuvelisa iiseshoni ezihlawulweyo ezaneleyo okanye ixabiso lezithuthi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukufakwa kwe-AC ngexabiso eliphantsi kunokusilela ekusebenzeni ukuba izithuthi azikwazi ukufumana amandla azo afunekayo ngaphambi kokuba zihambe. Iindleko ngezibuko elifakelweyo ngalinye, ixabiso nge-kW nganye ekhoyo kunye neendleko ngeseshoni ezizisiweyo ziphendula imibuzo eyahlukeneyo.

Kwiindawo eziphezulu zentengiso, i-Dingsheng ikwadwelisa a I-160 kW imfumba yokutshaja imipu emibini ye-DC. Yisebenzise njengereferensi yezixhobo ze-DC kuphela emva kokuqinisekisa izithuthi ekujoliswe kuzo, isinxibelelanisi kunye neprothokholi, ulwabiwo lwamandla ngompu, uluhlu lwemveliso, unikezelo lwesiza kunye nolwamkelo olufunekayo lwemarike. Ukalo lwekhathalogu akufunekanga luthathe indawo yophononongo lokuhambelana kwemoto ukuya kwigridi.

Ulwamkelo kufuneka luvelise kwakhona iNdlela yokuSebenza eYilwayo

Ukutshekishwa kombane akubonisi ukuba isikhululo sokutshaja siyahlangabezana nomsebenzi weprojekthi. Ukwamkelwa kwefektri kunokuqinisekisa imodeli enesivumelwano, imisebenzi yokukhusela, i-interfaces, iinketho ezicwangcisiweyo kunye neerekhodi zovavanyo ezikhoyo. Ukwamkelwa kwesiza ke kufuneka kuqinisekise ukufakela, umhlaba, ukukhuselwa komlambo, unxibelelwano, imisebenzi kaxakeka kunye nokuziphatha kokutshaja kunye nezithuthi ezimele okanye izixhobo zovavanyo ezivunyiweyo.

Ukutshaja kwe-AC elawulwayo, bonisa indlela inkqubo eziphatha ngayo xa iimoto ezininzi ziqhagamshela kwaye isiza sifikelela kumda wokungenisa elizweni. Kwizixhobo ze-DC ezidityanisiweyo, bhala ulwabiwo lwamandla ngexesha leeseshoni zangaxeshanye. Ukuphazamiseka kwenethiwekhi, ukumisa ngokukhawuleza, ukubuyiswa emva kokulahleka konikezelo kunye nengxelo ye-alamu kufuneka ifakwe apho kuhambelana nobubanzi obuvunyelweneyo.

Inkqubo yovavanyo kufuneka ichonge indawo yokulinganisa, isithuthi sovavanyo okanye isifanisi, imeko yokuqala yentlawulo, iimeko zokusingqongileyo kunye neendlela zokupasa. Ngaphandle kolu lawulo, ababoneleli ababini banokuxela intlawulo eyimpumelelo ngelixa bengqina ukusebenza okwahlukileyo.

Lungiselela i-AC vs DC Isikhululo sokuTjaja iRFQ

I-RFQ esele ilungile inika umboneleli ngolwazi olwaneleyo ukuze aqinisekise indlela yokutshaja kunokucaphula nje eyona mveliso ikufutshane. Bandakanya:

• ilizwe lofakelo, amandla ombane egridi, amaza, ilungiselelo lomhlaba kunye nomthamo woqhagamshelo olukhoyo;
• iimodeli zezithuthi, ubungakanani bebhetri, i-AC kunye ne-DC yokutshaja imida, izihlanganisi kunye notshintsho lwezithuthi olulindelekileyo;
• amaxesha okufika, iifestile zokuhlala, amandla afunekayo phambi kokuhamba kunye neengcinga zeseshoni zangaxeshanye;
• inani lamazibuko, iimeko zangaphakathi okanye zangaphandle, ukufikelela kweentambo, ukunyuswa, imiqobo yoluntu kunye neemfuno zokufikeleleka;
• ukuqinisekiswa, intlawulo, i-backend, unxibelelwano, ukubeka iliso kude kunye neemfuno zokulawula umthwalo;
• amaxwebhu afunekayo, iimvavanyo zasefektri, iimvavanyo zesayithi, ukugunyaziswa, uqeqesho, ii-spares kunye nomda wenkonzo;
• ubungakanani, indawo yonikezelo kunye nesiseko sonikezelo lwentengiso.

Cela impendulo eyahlula ulungelelwaniso lwetshaja enikezelwayo kwiziseko ezingundoqo kunye neenkonzo ozikhethelayo. Kufuneka ibonise isinxibelelanisi kunye neprothokholi, amandla aqhubekayo kunye ne-port nganye, ingqiqo yokwabelana ngamandla, imfuno yegalelo, ukhuseleko kunye nomda wonxibelelwano, imida yokusingqongileyo, amaxwebhu, uvavanyo, ukukhutshelwa kunye nazo zonke izinto ezinxaxhileyo kwi-RFQ. Lungiselela ezo zinto phambi kokuthelekisa ixabiso okanye ixesha lokuhambisa.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo

Ngaba itshaja ye-AC eyi-22 kW isoloko ikhawuleza ngokuphindwe kathathu kune-7 kW AC tshaja?

Ino. Isithuthi esamkela i-7 kW AC asiyi kuthatha 22 kW ngenxa nje yokuba siqhagamshelwe kwisikhululo esinomgangatho ophezulu.

Ingaba isithuthi ngasinye sombane singasebenzisa isikhululo sokutshaja ngokukhawuleza se-DC?

Hayi. Isithuthi kufuneka sixhase ukutshaja kwe-DC ngesidibanisi esihambelanayo, iprotocol kunye noluhlu lombane. Ezinye ii-plug-in hybrids kunye nezithuthi ezindala azixhasi ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC.

Ngaba itshaja ye-DC enemipu emibini ibonelela ngamandla apheleleyo kuzo zombini izithuthi?

Akunjalo. Ikhabhinethi inokwabelana ngesiphumo esisisigxina esipheleleyo phakathi kwezihlanganisi. Qinisekisa amandla ewonke, ubuninzi bompu, imithetho yolwabiwo kunye nokuziphatha xa izithuthi ezimbini zihlawulisa ngaxeshanye.

Ngaba iprojekthi enye inokuhlanganisa ukutshaja kwe-AC kunye ne-DC?

Ewe. Indawo exubeneyo inokusebenzisa izibuko ze-AC kwizithuthi ezihlala ixesha elide kwaye zigcine iibheyi ze-DC kwiimfuno ezimfutshane. Uyilo lombane kunye nenkqubo yokulawula kufuneka idibanise umthwalo ophezulu odibeneyo.

Hambisa ukusuka kuNxibelelwano lweTshaja ukuya kwiSindululo esithelekisekayo

Thumela i-matrix yesithuthi, ishedyuli yokupaka, idatha yombane kunye neemfuno zokusebenza nge-Dingsheng's Ifomu yombuzo weprojekthi yokubiza i-EV. Cela ishedyuli yoqwalaselo kunye noluhlu lokutenxa kunempendulo yexabiso kuphela. Oko kudala uthelekiso olufanelekileyo phakathi kweenketho ze-AC kunye ne-DC kwaye yenza isikhululo esikhethiweyo ukuba silandeleke ngokweyona mfuno yomthamo wesayithi.