Khetha ukushaja kwe-AC lapho izimoto zihlala zimile isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuze amashaja azo angaphakathi akwazi ukuletha amandla adingekayo nsuku zonke. Khetha ukushaja kwe-DC lapho isikhathi sokuhlala esifushane noma ukuhamba kwemoto ephezulu kwenza ukudluliswa kwamandla ngokushesha kube kudingekile. Amandla eshaja alinganiselwe ayingxenye eyodwa kuphela yesinqumo. Imikhawulo yokwamukela imoto, umthamo wegridi, isidingo sokushaja ngesikhathi sosuku, izinga lesixhumi, imisebenzi yomphakathi, ukuphathwa komthwalo kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo yesevisi inquma ukuthi isiteshi sokushaja i-AC noma i-DC sizosebenza njengoba kulindelekile.
Indawo yokusebenza enezimoto zezisebenzi ezipakwe amahora ayisishiyagalombili ngokuvamile inganikeza izikhala eziningi ngokonga ngemishini ye-AC. Isitobhi somgwaqo onguthelawayeka, indawo yokuguqula amatekisi noma ihabhu yezokuthutha kungase kulahlekelwe inani lokusebenza uma imoto ngayinye ithatha itheku amahora ambalwa. Ngakho-ke ukuqhathanisa okulungile kuqala ngezimoto nokuziphatha kokupaka, bese kusebenza emuva ohlelweni lukagesi.
Umehluko Kagesi Ushintsha Umngcele Wephrojekthi
Isiteshi sokushaja se-AC sinikeza amandla ashintshanayo emotweni. Ukuguqulwa ku-DC ehambisana nebhethri kwenzeka kushaja engaphakathi kwemoto, ngakho-ke imoto isetha isilingi esiqinile emandleni okushaja e-AC. Ukuxhuma imoto emukela amandla angu-7 kW AC kushaja engu-22 kW AC akwenzi ukuthi imoto idonse amandla angu-22 kW.
Isiteshi se-DC senza ukuguqulwa okuyinhloko kwe-AC-to-DC ngaphandle kwemoto futhi sinikeza amandla e-DC alawulwayo ngesixhumi esibonakalayo esihambisanayo sokushaja okusheshayo. Lezo zakhiwo zisekela amanani okushaja aphakeme kakhulu, kodwa futhi zengeza amamojula amandla, ukuphathwa okushisayo, ukuxhumana, isistimu yekhebula esindayo kanye nomthwalo omkhulu kagesi okhuphuka nomfula. Izinga lokushisa lebhethri lemoto, isimo sokushajwa kanye necebo lokuphatha ibhethri kusenganciphisa amandla amukelwa phakathi neseshini.
I-IEC 61851-1 ihlanganisa izidingo ezijwayelekile zemishini yokuphakelwa kwe-EV conductive, kuyilapho i-IEC 61851-23 ikhuluma ngemishini yokunikezela ye-DC EV. Ijometri yesixhumi kanye nephrothokholi yokushaja imibuzo ehlukene yokuhambisana. Imakethe yendawo, izimoto zezimoto kanye nezidingo zokugunyazwa kwendawo kufanele ziqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuba izinga lomkhiqizo noma umndeni wesixhumi umiswe iqhwa.
Sebenzisa Isikhathi Sokuhlala Nesidingo Samandla Njengesihlungi Sokuqala
Ubude besikhathi sokupaka buyisiqalo esisebenziseka kakhulu kunegama elithi “shesha.” Nquma ukuthi imoto ngayinye idinga amandla angakanani ngaphambi kokusuka futhi uhlukanise leyo mfuneko ngewindi lokushaja langempela. Bese ulandisa ngomkhawulo wokushaja kwemoto, ukulahlekelwa kokuguqulwa, ukwabelana kwamandla nanoma iyiphi i-cap yesidingo sesayithi.
Imoto edinga u-28 kWh ngesikhathi sokusebenza amahora ayisishiyagalombili idinga kuphela u-3.5 kW ngokwesilinganiso ngaphambi kokulahlekelwa. Amandla afanayo alethwa ngesikhathi sokuma kwemizuzu engama-30 abiza cishe u-56 kW ngaphambi kokulahlekelwa kanye ne-taper yokushaja. Leyo ngamaphrojekthi wengqalasizinda ehlukene yize imoto ithola amandla afanayo.
Isheduli yemikhumbi ibaluleke kakhulu njengesilinganiso. Izimoto ezingamashumi amabili ebusuku zingalandelaniswa ngohlelo lwe-AC oluphethwe uma ukusuka kwaziwa. Izimoto ezinhlanu zokulethwa ezifika ndawonye ngamakhefu amafushane zingadala isidingo esigxilile se-DC. Idatha yokufika, isimo sokuqala sokukhokhiswa kanye nesimo sokuhamba esidingekayo kufanele ngakho-ke kumodelwe ngesikhawu sesikhathi kunokuba kufinyezwe njengengqikithi yansuku zonke ye-kWh.
| Isici sephrojekthi | Ukushaja kwe-AC kuvamise ukuba namandla uma | Ukushaja kwe-DC kuvamise ukuba namandla uma |
| Isikhathi sokuhlala imoto | Izimoto zihlala zimile amahora ambalwa noma ubusuku bonke | Izimoto kufanele zibuyele kusevisi ngokushesha |
| Amandla ngeseshini ngayinye | Amandla ansuku zonke angabuyiselwa ngaphakathi kwefasitela lokupaka elitholakalayo | Kudingeka ukwanda kwamandla amakhulu esitobhini esifushane |
| Ukuhambisana kwemoto | Imikhumbi inamandla okushaja angaphakathi kwe-AC | Imikhumbi isekela isikhombimsebenzisi esikhethiwe se-DC, ububanzi be-voltage kanye nephrothokholi |
| Umthamo kagesi wesayithi | Amandla angasatshalaliswa kuzo zonke izimbobo eziningi ngokulawula okuhleliwe noma okuguquguqukayo | Uhlelo lokuxhuma nokusabalalisa lungasekela ukufunwa okuphezulu okuhambisanayo |
| Ukusebenza kuqala | Ukumbozwa, ukufinyelela kokupaka kanye namandla aphansi echwebeni ngalinye kubaluleke kakhulu | Inzuzo ye-Bay namandla alethwa ngehora kubaluleke kakhulu |
| Imodeli yesondlo | Isisekelo semishini esabalalisiwe esilula silingana nekhono lesayithi | Umsebenzisi angasekela isevisi yamandla kagesi kanye nokuphathwa kwesikhathi sokuphumula |
Kungani Amandla Alinganiselwe Engalingani Isivinini Sokushaja
Izinga lokushaja langempela lilawulwa umkhawulo ophansi osebenzayo ochungechungeni: amandla esayithi atholakalayo, ukuphuma kweshaja, amandla ekhebula nesixhumi, ihadiwe yokushaja imoto, imiyalo yokuphatha ibhethri nezilawuli ezihlobene nezinga lokushisa. Imodeli yephrojekthi esekelwe kuphela ku-nameplate yesiteshi izokweqa umthamo noma nini lapho enye yalezo zingqinamba iphansi.
Ngokushaja kwe-AC, ishaja engaphakathi kwemoto ngokuvamile iwumkhawulo onqumayo. I-Dingsheng's 22 kW AC inqwaba yokushaja ifakwe ohlwini lokufakelwe izigaba ezintathu, ukufakwa kwekholomu noma udonga kanye nezinketho zokuxhumana ezinezintambo. Leyo mininingwane yomkhiqizo isungula inkomba yesisetshenziswa; abafaki ubufakazi bokuthi yonke imoto izoshaja ku-22 kW noma ukuthi uhlelo lukagesi wendawo okuyiwa kulo lisebenzisa amandla kagesi afanayo, isixhumi kanye nesisekelo sokugunyazwa.
Ukushaja kwe-DC kwethula umkhawulo ohlukile. Isiteshi singase sibe nesilinganiso esiphezulu se-aggregate, kodwa imoto ingacela amandla amancane njengoba ibhethri layo lifudumala, liphola noma lisondela ekushajweni okuphezulu. Ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezinezixhumi eziningi, ingqondo yokwabiwa nayo ibalulekile. "Isibhamu esikabili" akusho ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi zombili izixhumi ziletha isilinganiso esigcwele sekhabhinethi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ikhotheshini kufanele isho amandla ekhabethe eliphelele, imikhawulo yesixhumi ngasinye kanye nokuziphatha kokwabelana ngaphansi kokusetshenziswa ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Amandla wegridi nokusetshenziswa kufanele kuhlolwe Ndawonye
Ukufaka amandla e-nameplate amaningi kunalawo anganikezwa yisayithi kuholela ekwehleni, emsebenzini obizayo wegridi noma ukufunwa kweziqongo ezibukela phansi ikesi lokusebenza. Kodwa ukuklama ukuxhuma kwesamba sayo yonke ishaja lapho iphuma ngokugcwele kungase kungadingeki uma izimoto nesimiso sokuhlala kuvumela ukushajwa.
Kumasayithi e-AC, ukuphathwa komthwalo oguqukayo kungabeka umthamo wesayithi ongashintshi kuzo zonke izimbobo eziningi. Lokhu kuvame ukuzuza izindawo zokusebenza, amahhotela, indawo yokupaka kanye nezimoto zokulala ebusuku, lapho ukushaja kungashintshwa ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukulungela ukuhamba. Ucwaningo lobunjiniyela lusadinga umthamo we-transformer, isilinganiso se-switchgear, imizila ephakelayo, ukwehla kwamandla kagesi, ukufaka umhlabathi, ukuvikelwa kanye nesidingo esikhulu sesikhungo.
Amasayithi e-DC agxilisa amandla engeziwe ezindaweni ezimbalwa. Lokho kungathuthukisa ukusebenza, kodwa kuphakamisa ukubaluleka komthamo we-transformer ne-switchgear, izinga lamaphutha, ukuphathwa kwesidingo, ukupholisa, umzila wekhebula kanye nezingqinamba zokusetshenziswa. Lapho ukuxhumeka kwegridi kunomkhawulo, ukukhishwa okufakwe kusiteji noma ukugcinwa kwamandla kungase kusebenze kakhulu kunokucabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwesevisi okusheshayo. Noma iyiphi isistimu yokwesekwa enjalo kufanele yenziwe ifane nephethini yokufika yeshaja kunokuba yengezwe njengesisekeli esijwayelekile.
I isiteshi sokushaja uhla lomkhiqizo inikeza izinkomba zemishini ye-AC ne-DC ukuze ihlolwe kusenesikhathi. Isakhiwo sesayithi kufanele silungiswe kuphela ngemva kokuba isifundo sikagesi kanye nemodeli yokusebenzisa imoto kuvumelana ngenani lamachweba, amandla aqondane kanye nomphumela weseshini odingekayo.
Isixhumi, Iphrothokholi kanye Nokuhambelana Kwesofthiwe Izinqumo Ezihlukene
Ishaja ingaba nesilinganiso samandla esilungile futhi ingasafaneleki umkhumbi. Qinisekisa isixhumi esibonakalayo, i-inlet yemoto, imodi yokushaja, iphrothokholi yokuxhumana kanye nezidingo eziqondene nemakethe. Ezinkampanini ezixubile, sebenzisa i-matrix yemoto ekhomba ukwamukela kwe-AC kwemodeli ngayinye, ukwamukela kwe-DC, ububanzi be-voltage nesixhumi.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-back-office kufanelwe ububanzi bakho. Ukuqinisekisa, inkokhelo, ukufinyelela komsebenzisi, ukuqapha okukude, ukuphathwa kwentela, ukushaja okuhlakaniphile, ama-alamu amaphutha kanye nobunikazi bedatha kungase kusingathwe izinkundla ezihlukahlukene. I-Ethernet noma ukuxhumana kwamaselula kuwungqimba lwezokuthutha kuphela; akufakazeli ukuhambisana nohlelo lokuphatha olukhethwa wumsebenzisi.
Cela uhlu lwephrothokholi, i-matrix yokubophezeleka kwesoftware nohlelo lokubonisa. Umphakeli kufanele akhombe ukulayisensa, ukuncika kwe-SIM noma inethiwekhi, ukufinyelela kusevisi ekude, ukugcinwa kwedatha, izibopho ze-cybersecurity nokuthi yini ehlala isebenza uma ukuxhumana okungemuva kulahleka. Le mininingwane inomthelela oqondile ekusebenzeni nasekutholakaleni kwesiteshi.
Qhathanisa Umthamo Wesevisi Efakiwe, Hhayi Intengo Yokuthenga Ishaja
Izisetshenziswa ze-AC ngokuvamile zibeka ihadiwe yokuguqulwa okuncane endaweni ngayinye yokushaja, kuyilapho okokusebenza kwe-DC kuletha amandla kagesi amakhulu esiteshini. Lowo mehluko uthinta ngaphezu kwentengo yokuthenga. Ukuqhathanisa okufakiwe kufanele kubandakanye ukuthuthukiswa kwe-transformer noma isevisi, i-switchgear, i-cabling, i-trenching, izisekelo, okokuvikela, ukuxhumana, isofthiwe, ukugunyazwa, izingxenye ezisele kanye nokufinyelela ekulungiseni.
Ukusetshenziswa kushintsha ezomnotho. Ishaja ye-DC esetshenziswa kancane ingase ithwale izindleko eziphezulu zengqalasizinda ngaphandle kokukhiqiza izikhathi ezikhokhelwayo ezanele noma inani lemikhumbi. Ngokuphambene, ukufakwa kwe-AC okunezindleko eziphansi kungahluleka ukusebenza uma izimoto zingakwazi ukuthola amandla azo adingekayo ngaphambi kokuhamba. Izindleko ngembobo ngayinye efakiwe, izindleko nge-kW ngayinye etholakalayo kanye nezindleko zeseshini ngayinye ezilethiwe ziphendula imibuzo ehlukene.
Kumasayithi anenzuzo ephezulu, i-Dingsheng iphinda ibala a Inqwaba yokushaja ye-DC engu-160 kW. Yisebenzise njengereferensi yemishini ye-DC kuphela ngemva kokuqinisekisa izimoto eziqondiwe, isixhumi nephrothokholi, ukwabiwa kwamandla ngesibhamu ngasinye, ububanzi bokuphumayo, ukunikezwa kwesayithi kanye nezimvume ezidingekayo zemakethe. Isilinganiso sekhathalogi akufanele neze singene esikhundleni sokubuyekezwa kokuhambisana kwemoto negridi.
Ukwamukela Kufanele Kukhiqize Kabusha Isimo sokuSebenza Okuhlosiwe
Ukuhlola amandla akufakazeli ukuthi isiteshi sokushaja sihlangabezana nomsebenzi wephrojekthi. Ukwamukelwa kwefekthri kungaqinisekisa imodeli enenkontileka, imisebenzi yokuvikela, izixhumanisi, izinketho ezimisiwe namarekhodi okuhlola atholakalayo. Ukwamukelwa kwesayithi kuzobe sekudinga ukuqinisekisa ukufakwa, ukufaka umhlabathi, ukuvikeleka komfula, ukuxhumana, imisebenzi yezimo eziphuthumayo kanye nokuziphatha kokushaja ngezimoto ezimele noma izinto zokuhlola ezigunyaziwe.
Ngokushajwa kwe-AC ephethwe, bonisa indlela isistimu eziphatha ngayo lapho izimoto ezimbalwa zixhuma futhi isayithi lifinyelela umkhawulo walo wokungenisa. Okokusebenza kwe-DC enezixhumi ezimbili, rekhoda ukwabiwa kwamandla ngesikhathi samaseshini akanye. Ukuphazamiseka kwenethiwekhi, ukumiswa kwezimo eziphuthumayo, ukutakula ngemva kokulahlekelwa kokunikezwayo kanye nokubikwa kwe-alamu kufanele kufakwe lapho kuhambisana nobubanzi okuvunyelwene ngakho.
Inqubo yokuhlola kufanele ikhombe indawo yokulinganisa, imoto yokuhlola noma isifanisi, isimo sokuqala sokushaja, izimo zemvelo kanye nemibandela yokuphasa. Ngaphandle kwalezo zilawuli, abahlinzeki ababili bobabili bangabika inkokhiso eyimpumelelo kuyilapho befakazela ukusebenza okuhluke kakhulu.
Lungiselela i-AC vs DC Isiteshi sokushaja i-RFQ
I-RFQ elungele isinqumo inikeza umphakeli ulwazi olwanele ukuze aqinisekise umzila wokushaja esikhundleni sokumane acaphune umkhiqizo oseduze. Faka phakathi:
- izwe lokufakwayo, amandla kagesi egridi, imvamisa, ukuhlelwa komhlaba kanye nomthamo otholakalayo wokuxhuma;
- amamodeli ezimoto, osayizi bebhethri, imikhawulo yokushaja i-AC ne-DC, izixhumi nezinguquko zemikhumbi ezilindelekile;
- izikhathi zokufika, amafasitela okuhlala, amandla adingekayo ngaphambi kokuhamba kanye nokuqagela kwesikhathi esisodwa;
- inani lamachweba, izimo zasendlini noma zangaphandle, ukufinyelela kwekhebula, ukukhwezwa, izithiyo zomphakathi kanye nezidingo zokufinyeleleka;
- ukuqinisekiswa, inkokhelo, i-backend, ukuxhumana, ukuqapha okukude kanye nezidingo zokuphatha umthwalo;
- imibhalo edingekayo, izivivinyo zasefekthri, ukuhlolwa kwendawo, ukugunyazwa, ukuqeqeshwa, izipele kanye nomngcele wesevisi;
- inani, indawo yokulethwa kanye nesisekelo sokulethwa kwezentengiselwano.
Cela impendulo ehlukanisa ukucushwa kweshaja okunikezwayo nengqalasizinda namasevisi ozikhethela wona. Kufanele ibonise isixhumi nephrothokholi, amandla aqhubekayo kanye nechweba ngalinye, ukucabanga kokwabelana ngamandla, imfuneko yokokufaka, ububanzi bokuvikela nokuxhumana, imikhawulo yendawo ezungezile, imibhalo, ukuhlola, okungafakwanga nakho konke ukuchezuka ku-RFQ. Yenza lezo zinto zibe ngokujwayelekile ngaphambi kokuqhathanisa intengo noma isikhathi sokulethwa.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Ingabe ishaja engu-22 kW AC ihlale ishesha ngokuphindwe kathathu kuneshaja engu-7 kW AC?
Cha. Ishaja yemoto egibele kanye nomkhawulo wamandla wesayithi we-AC wokushaja. Imoto eyamukela u-7 kW AC ngeke ithathe u-22 kW ngenxa nje yokuthi ixhumeke esiteshini esisezingeni eliphezulu.
Ingabe yonke imoto kagesi ingasebenzisa isiteshi sokushaja esisheshayo se-DC?
Cha. Imoto kufanele isekele ukushajwa kwe-DC ngesixhumi esihambisanayo, iphrothokholi kanye nobubanzi be-voltage. Amanye ama-plug-in hybrids nezimoto ezindala azikusekeli ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC.
Ingabe ishaja ye-DC enezibhamu ezimbili inikeza amandla alinganiselwe aphelele kuzo zombili izimoto?
Akunjalo. Ikhabhinethi ingase yabelane ngokukhipha okuphelele okungashintshi phakathi kwezixhumi. Qinisekisa amandla aphelele, ubukhulu besibhamu ngasinye, imithetho yokwabiwa nokuziphatha lapho izimoto ezimbili zishaja ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ingabe iphrojekthi eyodwa ingahlanganisa ukushaja kwe-AC ne-DC?
Yebo. Isayithi elixubile lingasebenzisa izimbobo ze-AC ezimotweni ezihlala isikhathi eside futhi igcine amatheku e-DC ukuze ifuneke isikhathi esifushane. Idizayini kagesi kanye nesistimu yokuphatha kufanele ixhumanise umthwalo omkhulu ohlangene.
Hambisa Ohlotsheni Lweshaja Uye Esihlongozweni Esiqhathanisekayo
Thumela i-matrix yemoto, uhlelo lokupaka, idatha kagesi kanye nezidingo zokusebenza nge-Dingsheng's Ifomu lokubuza iphrojekthi yokushaja i-EV. Cela ishejuli yokucushwa kanye nohlu lokuchezuka kunempendulo yentengo kuphela. Lokho kudala ukuqhathanisa okufanele phakathi kwezinketho ze-AC kanye ne-DC futhi kwenza isiteshi esikhethiwe silandeleke ngesidingo sangempela sokuphuma kwesayithi.
